Dear R-users,
I have these data:
head(balok, 10); tail(balok, 10)
Date Time Rain.mm
1 30/7/2008 9:00:00 0
2 30/7/2008 10:00:00 0
3 30/7/2008 11:00:00 0
4 30/7/2008 12:00:00 0
5 30/7/2008 13:00:00 0
6 30/7/2008 14:00:00 0
7 30/7/2008 15:00:00 0
8 30/7/2008 16:00:00 0
9 30/7/2008 17:00:00 0
10 30/7/2008 18:00:00 0
Date Time Rain.mm
63667 4/11/2015 3:00:00 0
63668 4/11/2015 4:00:00 0
63669 4/11/2015 5:00:00 0
63670 4/11/2015 6:00:00 0
63671 4/11/2015 7:00:00 0
63672 4/11/2015 8:00:00 0
63673 4/11/2015 9:00:00 0.1
63674 4/11/2015 10:00:00 0.1
63675 4/11/2015 11:00:00 0.1
63676 4/11/2015 12:00:00 0.1?
> str(balok)
'data.frame': 63676 obs. of 3 variables:
$ Date : Factor w/ 2654 levels "1/1/2009","1/1/2010",..:
2056 2056 2056
2056 2056 2056 2056 2056 2056 2056 ...
$ Time : Factor w/ 24 levels "1:00:00","10:00:00",..: 24
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 ...
$ Rain.mm: Factor w/ 352 levels
"0","0.0?","0.1",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
...
and I have change the data as follows:
realdate <- as.Date(balok$Date,format="%d/%m/%Y")
dfdate <- data.frame(date=realdate)
year=as.numeric (format(realdate,"%Y"))
month=as.numeric (format(realdate,"%m"))
day=as.numeric (format(realdate,"%d"))
balok2 <-cbind(dfdate,day,month,year,balok[,2:3])
colnames(balok2)
head(balok2)
date day month year Time Rain.mm
1 2008-07-30 30 7 2008 9:00:00 0
2 2008-07-30 30 7 2008 10:00:00 0
3 2008-07-30 30 7 2008 11:00:00 0
4 2008-07-30 30 7 2008 12:00:00 0
5 2008-07-30 30 7 2008 13:00:00 0
6 2008-07-30 30 7 2008 14:00:00 0
...
> balok3 <- balok2[,-1]; head(balok3, n=100)
day month year Time Rain.mm
1 30 7 2008 9:00:00 0
2 30 7 2008 10:00:00 0
3 30 7 2008 11:00:00 0
4 30 7 2008 12:00:00 0
5 30 7 2008 13:00:00 0
6 30 7 2008 14:00:00 0
7 30 7 2008 15:00:00 0
8 30 7 2008 16:00:00 0
9 30 7 2008 17:00:00 0
10 30 7 2008 18:00:00 0
11 30 7 2008 19:00:00 0
12 30 7 2008 20:00:00 0
13 30 7 2008 21:00:00 0
14 30 7 2008 22:00:00 0
15 30 7 2008 23:00:00 0
16 30 7 2008 24:00:00 0
17 31 7 2008 1:00:00 0
18 31 7 2008 2:00:00 0
19 31 7 2008 3:00:00 0
20 31 7 2008 4:00:00 0
21 31 7 2008 5:00:00 0
22 31 7 2008 6:00:00 0
23 31 7 2008 7:00:00 0
24 31 7 2008 8:00:00 0
25 31 7 2008 9:00:00 0
26 31 7 2008 10:00:00 0
27 31 7 2008 11:00:00 0
28 31 7 2008 12:00:00 0
29 31 7 2008 13:00:00 0
30 31 7 2008 14:00:00 0
31 31 7 2008 15:00:00 0
32 31 7 2008 16:00:00 0
33 31 7 2008 17:00:00 0
34 31 7 2008 18:00:00 0
35 31 7 2008 19:00:00 0
36 31 7 2008 20:00:00 0
37 31 7 2008 21:00:00 0
38 31 7 2008 22:00:00 0
39 31 7 2008 23:00:00 0
40 31 7 2008 24:00:00 0
41 1 8 2008 1:00:00 0
42 1 8 2008 2:00:00 0
43 1 8 2008 3:00:00 0
44 1 8 2008 4:00:00 0
45 1 8 2008 5:00:00 0
46 1 8 2008 6:00:00 0
47 1 8 2008 7:00:00 0
48 1 8 2008 8:00:00 0
49 1 8 2008 9:00:00 0
50 1 8 2008 10:00:00 0
51 1 8 2008 11:00:00 0
52 1 8 2008 12:00:00 0
53 1 8 2008 13:00:00 0
54 1 8 2008 14:00:00 0
55 1 8 2008 15:00:00 0
56 1 8 2008 16:00:00 0
57 1 8 2008 17:00:00 0
58 1 8 2008 18:00:00 0
59 1 8 2008 19:00:00 0
60 1 8 2008 20:00:00 0
61 1 8 2008 21:00:00 0
62 1 8 2008 22:00:00 0
63 1 8 2008 23:00:00 0
64 1 8 2008 24:00:00 0
65 2 8 2008 1:00:00 0
66 2 8 2008 2:00:00 0
67 2 8 2008 3:00:00 0
68 2 8 2008 4:00:00 0
69 2 8 2008 5:00:00 0
70 2 8 2008 6:00:00 0
71 2 8 2008 7:00:00 0
72 2 8 2008 8:00:00 0
73 2 8 2008 9:00:00 0
74 2 8 2008 10:00:00 0
75 2 8 2008 11:00:00 0
76 2 8 2008 12:00:00 0
77 2 8 2008 13:00:00 0
78 2 8 2008 14:00:00 0
79 2 8 2008 15:00:00 0
80 2 8 2008 16:00:00 0
81 2 8 2008 17:00:00 0
82 2 8 2008 18:00:00 0
83 2 8 2008 19:00:00 0
84 2 8 2008 20:00:00 0
85 2 8 2008 21:00:00 0
86 2 8 2008 22:00:00 0
87 2 8 2008 23:00:00 0
88 2 8 2008 24:00:00 11.1
89 3 8 2008 1:00:00 0.4
90 3 8 2008 2:00:00 0
91 3 8 2008 3:00:00 0
92 3 8 2008 4:00:00 0
93 3 8 2008 5:00:00 0
94 3 8 2008 6:00:00 0
95 3 8 2008 7:00:00 0
96 3 8 2008 8:00:00 0
97 3 8 2008 9:00:00 0
98 3 8 2008 10:00:00 0
99 3 8 2008 11:00:00 0
100 3 8 2008 12:00:00 0
The rainfall data is in hourly unit, and I would like to sum the Rain.mm
according to month. I tried to use aggregate(), but I got this message:
dt <- balok4
str(dt)
aggbalok <- aggregate(dt[,5], by=dt[,c(1,4)],FUN=sum, na.rm=TRUE)
aggbalok
Error in Summary.factor(1L, na.rm = TRUE) :
sum not meaningful for factors
Thank you so much for any help given.
Roslina
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
> On Jul 12, 2016, at 3:45 PM, roslinazairimah zakaria <roslinaump at gmail.com> wrote: > > Dear R-users, > > I have these data: > > head(balok, 10); tail(balok, 10) > Date Time Rain.mm > 1 30/7/2008 9:00:00 0 > 2 30/7/2008 10:00:00 0 > 3 30/7/2008 11:00:00 0 > 4 30/7/2008 12:00:00 0 > 5 30/7/2008 13:00:00 0 > 6 30/7/2008 14:00:00 0 > 7 30/7/2008 15:00:00 0 > 8 30/7/2008 16:00:00 0 > 9 30/7/2008 17:00:00 0 > 10 30/7/2008 18:00:00 0 > Date Time Rain.mm > 63667 4/11/2015 3:00:00 0 > 63668 4/11/2015 4:00:00 0 > 63669 4/11/2015 5:00:00 0 > 63670 4/11/2015 6:00:00 0 > 63671 4/11/2015 7:00:00 0 > 63672 4/11/2015 8:00:00 0 > 63673 4/11/2015 9:00:00 0.1 > 63674 4/11/2015 10:00:00 0.1 > 63675 4/11/2015 11:00:00 0.1 > 63676 4/11/2015 12:00:00 0.1? > >> str(balok) > 'data.frame': 63676 obs. of 3 variables: > $ Date : Factor w/ 2654 levels "1/1/2009","1/1/2010",..: 2056 2056 2056 > 2056 2056 2056 2056 2056 2056 2056 ... > $ Time : Factor w/ 24 levels "1:00:00","10:00:00",..: 24 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 > 10 ... > $ Rain.mm: Factor w/ 352 levels "0","0.0?","0.1",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Thar's your problem: Rain.mm: Factor w/ 352 levels "0","0.0?","0.1" Need to use the standard fix for the screwed-up-factor-on-input-problem balok$Rain.mm2 <- as.numeric( as.character(balok$Rain.mm) ) Cannot just do as.numeric because factors are actually already numeric. -- David.> ... > > and I have change the data as follows: > > realdate <- as.Date(balok$Date,format="%d/%m/%Y") > dfdate <- data.frame(date=realdate) > year=as.numeric (format(realdate,"%Y")) > month=as.numeric (format(realdate,"%m")) > day=as.numeric (format(realdate,"%d")) > > balok2 <-cbind(dfdate,day,month,year,balok[,2:3]) > colnames(balok2) > head(balok2) > date day month year Time Rain.mm > 1 2008-07-30 30 7 2008 9:00:00 0 > 2 2008-07-30 30 7 2008 10:00:00 0 > 3 2008-07-30 30 7 2008 11:00:00 0 > 4 2008-07-30 30 7 2008 12:00:00 0 > 5 2008-07-30 30 7 2008 13:00:00 0 > 6 2008-07-30 30 7 2008 14:00:00 0 > ... > >> balok3 <- balok2[,-1]; head(balok3, n=100) > day month year Time Rain.mm > 1 30 7 2008 9:00:00 0 > 2 30 7 2008 10:00:00 0 > 3 30 7 2008 11:00:00 0 > 4 30 7 2008 12:00:00 0 > 5 30 7 2008 13:00:00 0 > 6 30 7 2008 14:00:00 0 > 7 30 7 2008 15:00:00 0 > 8 30 7 2008 16:00:00 0 > 9 30 7 2008 17:00:00 0 > 10 30 7 2008 18:00:00 0 > 11 30 7 2008 19:00:00 0 > 12 30 7 2008 20:00:00 0 > 13 30 7 2008 21:00:00 0 > 14 30 7 2008 22:00:00 0 > 15 30 7 2008 23:00:00 0 > 16 30 7 2008 24:00:00 0 > 17 31 7 2008 1:00:00 0 > 18 31 7 2008 2:00:00 0 > 19 31 7 2008 3:00:00 0 > 20 31 7 2008 4:00:00 0 > 21 31 7 2008 5:00:00 0 > 22 31 7 2008 6:00:00 0 > 23 31 7 2008 7:00:00 0 > 24 31 7 2008 8:00:00 0 > 25 31 7 2008 9:00:00 0 > 26 31 7 2008 10:00:00 0 > 27 31 7 2008 11:00:00 0 > 28 31 7 2008 12:00:00 0 > 29 31 7 2008 13:00:00 0 > 30 31 7 2008 14:00:00 0 > 31 31 7 2008 15:00:00 0 > 32 31 7 2008 16:00:00 0 > 33 31 7 2008 17:00:00 0 > 34 31 7 2008 18:00:00 0 > 35 31 7 2008 19:00:00 0 > 36 31 7 2008 20:00:00 0 > 37 31 7 2008 21:00:00 0 > 38 31 7 2008 22:00:00 0 > 39 31 7 2008 23:00:00 0 > 40 31 7 2008 24:00:00 0 > 41 1 8 2008 1:00:00 0 > 42 1 8 2008 2:00:00 0 > 43 1 8 2008 3:00:00 0 > 44 1 8 2008 4:00:00 0 > 45 1 8 2008 5:00:00 0 > 46 1 8 2008 6:00:00 0 > 47 1 8 2008 7:00:00 0 > 48 1 8 2008 8:00:00 0 > 49 1 8 2008 9:00:00 0 > 50 1 8 2008 10:00:00 0 > 51 1 8 2008 11:00:00 0 > 52 1 8 2008 12:00:00 0 > 53 1 8 2008 13:00:00 0 > 54 1 8 2008 14:00:00 0 > 55 1 8 2008 15:00:00 0 > 56 1 8 2008 16:00:00 0 > 57 1 8 2008 17:00:00 0 > 58 1 8 2008 18:00:00 0 > 59 1 8 2008 19:00:00 0 > 60 1 8 2008 20:00:00 0 > 61 1 8 2008 21:00:00 0 > 62 1 8 2008 22:00:00 0 > 63 1 8 2008 23:00:00 0 > 64 1 8 2008 24:00:00 0 > 65 2 8 2008 1:00:00 0 > 66 2 8 2008 2:00:00 0 > 67 2 8 2008 3:00:00 0 > 68 2 8 2008 4:00:00 0 > 69 2 8 2008 5:00:00 0 > 70 2 8 2008 6:00:00 0 > 71 2 8 2008 7:00:00 0 > 72 2 8 2008 8:00:00 0 > 73 2 8 2008 9:00:00 0 > 74 2 8 2008 10:00:00 0 > 75 2 8 2008 11:00:00 0 > 76 2 8 2008 12:00:00 0 > 77 2 8 2008 13:00:00 0 > 78 2 8 2008 14:00:00 0 > 79 2 8 2008 15:00:00 0 > 80 2 8 2008 16:00:00 0 > 81 2 8 2008 17:00:00 0 > 82 2 8 2008 18:00:00 0 > 83 2 8 2008 19:00:00 0 > 84 2 8 2008 20:00:00 0 > 85 2 8 2008 21:00:00 0 > 86 2 8 2008 22:00:00 0 > 87 2 8 2008 23:00:00 0 > 88 2 8 2008 24:00:00 11.1 > 89 3 8 2008 1:00:00 0.4 > 90 3 8 2008 2:00:00 0 > 91 3 8 2008 3:00:00 0 > 92 3 8 2008 4:00:00 0 > 93 3 8 2008 5:00:00 0 > 94 3 8 2008 6:00:00 0 > 95 3 8 2008 7:00:00 0 > 96 3 8 2008 8:00:00 0 > 97 3 8 2008 9:00:00 0 > 98 3 8 2008 10:00:00 0 > 99 3 8 2008 11:00:00 0 > 100 3 8 2008 12:00:00 0 > > The rainfall data is in hourly unit, and I would like to sum the Rain.mm > according to month. I tried to use aggregate(), but I got this message: > > dt <- balok4 > str(dt) > aggbalok <- aggregate(dt[,5], by=dt[,c(1,4)],FUN=sum, na.rm=TRUE) > aggbalok > > Error in Summary.factor(1L, na.rm = TRUE) : > sum not meaningful for factors > > > Thank you so much for any help given. > > Roslina > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > > ______________________________________________ > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.David Winsemius Alameda, CA, USA
Dear David, I got your point. How do I remove the data that contain "0.0?". I tried : balok <- cbind(balok3[,-5], balok3$Rain.mm[balok3$Rain.mm==0.0?] <- NA) However all the Rain.mm column all become NA. day month year Time balok3$Rain.mm[balok3$Rain.mm == "0.0?"] <- NA 1 30 7 2008 9:00:00 NA 2 30 7 2008 10:00:00 NA 3 30 7 2008 11:00:00 NA 4 30 7 2008 12:00:00 NA 5 30 7 2008 13:00:00 NA 6 30 7 2008 14:00:00 NA 7 30 7 2008 15:00:00 NA 8 30 7 2008 16:00:00 NA 9 30 7 2008 17:00:00 NA 10 30 7 2008 18:00:00 NA Thank you so much. On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 9:42 AM, David Winsemius <dwinsemius at comcast.net> wrote:> > > On Jul 12, 2016, at 3:45 PM, roslinazairimah zakaria < > roslinaump at gmail.com> wrote: > > > > Dear R-users, > > > > I have these data: > > > > head(balok, 10); tail(balok, 10) > > Date Time Rain.mm > > 1 30/7/2008 9:00:00 0 > > 2 30/7/2008 10:00:00 0 > > 3 30/7/2008 11:00:00 0 > > 4 30/7/2008 12:00:00 0 > > 5 30/7/2008 13:00:00 0 > > 6 30/7/2008 14:00:00 0 > > 7 30/7/2008 15:00:00 0 > > 8 30/7/2008 16:00:00 0 > > 9 30/7/2008 17:00:00 0 > > 10 30/7/2008 18:00:00 0 > > Date Time Rain.mm > > 63667 4/11/2015 3:00:00 0 > > 63668 4/11/2015 4:00:00 0 > > 63669 4/11/2015 5:00:00 0 > > 63670 4/11/2015 6:00:00 0 > > 63671 4/11/2015 7:00:00 0 > > 63672 4/11/2015 8:00:00 0 > > 63673 4/11/2015 9:00:00 0.1 > > 63674 4/11/2015 10:00:00 0.1 > > 63675 4/11/2015 11:00:00 0.1 > > 63676 4/11/2015 12:00:00 0.1? > > > >> str(balok) > > 'data.frame': 63676 obs. of 3 variables: > > $ Date : Factor w/ 2654 levels "1/1/2009","1/1/2010",..: 2056 2056 2056 > > 2056 2056 2056 2056 2056 2056 2056 ... > > $ Time : Factor w/ 24 levels "1:00:00","10:00:00",..: 24 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 > 9 > > 10 ... > > $ Rain.mm: Factor w/ 352 levels "0","0.0?","0.1",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 > > Thar's your problem: > > Rain.mm: Factor w/ 352 levels "0","0.0?","0.1" > > Need to use the standard fix for the screwed-up-factor-on-input-problem > > balok$Rain.mm2 <- as.numeric( as.character(balok$Rain.mm) ) > > Cannot just do as.numeric because factors are actually already numeric. > > -- > David. > > > > ... > > > > and I have change the data as follows: > > > > realdate <- as.Date(balok$Date,format="%d/%m/%Y") > > dfdate <- data.frame(date=realdate) > > year=as.numeric (format(realdate,"%Y")) > > month=as.numeric (format(realdate,"%m")) > > day=as.numeric (format(realdate,"%d")) > > > > balok2 <-cbind(dfdate,day,month,year,balok[,2:3]) > > colnames(balok2) > > head(balok2) > > date day month year Time Rain.mm > > 1 2008-07-30 30 7 2008 9:00:00 0 > > 2 2008-07-30 30 7 2008 10:00:00 0 > > 3 2008-07-30 30 7 2008 11:00:00 0 > > 4 2008-07-30 30 7 2008 12:00:00 0 > > 5 2008-07-30 30 7 2008 13:00:00 0 > > 6 2008-07-30 30 7 2008 14:00:00 0 > > ... > > > >> balok3 <- balok2[,-1]; head(balok3, n=100) > > day month year Time Rain.mm > > 1 30 7 2008 9:00:00 0 > > 2 30 7 2008 10:00:00 0 > > 3 30 7 2008 11:00:00 0 > > 4 30 7 2008 12:00:00 0 > > 5 30 7 2008 13:00:00 0 > > 6 30 7 2008 14:00:00 0 > > 7 30 7 2008 15:00:00 0 > > 8 30 7 2008 16:00:00 0 > > 9 30 7 2008 17:00:00 0 > > 10 30 7 2008 18:00:00 0 > > 11 30 7 2008 19:00:00 0 > > 12 30 7 2008 20:00:00 0 > > 13 30 7 2008 21:00:00 0 > > 14 30 7 2008 22:00:00 0 > > 15 30 7 2008 23:00:00 0 > > 16 30 7 2008 24:00:00 0 > > 17 31 7 2008 1:00:00 0 > > 18 31 7 2008 2:00:00 0 > > 19 31 7 2008 3:00:00 0 > > 20 31 7 2008 4:00:00 0 > > 21 31 7 2008 5:00:00 0 > > 22 31 7 2008 6:00:00 0 > > 23 31 7 2008 7:00:00 0 > > 24 31 7 2008 8:00:00 0 > > 25 31 7 2008 9:00:00 0 > > 26 31 7 2008 10:00:00 0 > > 27 31 7 2008 11:00:00 0 > > 28 31 7 2008 12:00:00 0 > > 29 31 7 2008 13:00:00 0 > > 30 31 7 2008 14:00:00 0 > > 31 31 7 2008 15:00:00 0 > > 32 31 7 2008 16:00:00 0 > > 33 31 7 2008 17:00:00 0 > > 34 31 7 2008 18:00:00 0 > > 35 31 7 2008 19:00:00 0 > > 36 31 7 2008 20:00:00 0 > > 37 31 7 2008 21:00:00 0 > > 38 31 7 2008 22:00:00 0 > > 39 31 7 2008 23:00:00 0 > > 40 31 7 2008 24:00:00 0 > > 41 1 8 2008 1:00:00 0 > > 42 1 8 2008 2:00:00 0 > > 43 1 8 2008 3:00:00 0 > > 44 1 8 2008 4:00:00 0 > > 45 1 8 2008 5:00:00 0 > > 46 1 8 2008 6:00:00 0 > > 47 1 8 2008 7:00:00 0 > > 48 1 8 2008 8:00:00 0 > > 49 1 8 2008 9:00:00 0 > > 50 1 8 2008 10:00:00 0 > > 51 1 8 2008 11:00:00 0 > > 52 1 8 2008 12:00:00 0 > > 53 1 8 2008 13:00:00 0 > > 54 1 8 2008 14:00:00 0 > > 55 1 8 2008 15:00:00 0 > > 56 1 8 2008 16:00:00 0 > > 57 1 8 2008 17:00:00 0 > > 58 1 8 2008 18:00:00 0 > > 59 1 8 2008 19:00:00 0 > > 60 1 8 2008 20:00:00 0 > > 61 1 8 2008 21:00:00 0 > > 62 1 8 2008 22:00:00 0 > > 63 1 8 2008 23:00:00 0 > > 64 1 8 2008 24:00:00 0 > > 65 2 8 2008 1:00:00 0 > > 66 2 8 2008 2:00:00 0 > > 67 2 8 2008 3:00:00 0 > > 68 2 8 2008 4:00:00 0 > > 69 2 8 2008 5:00:00 0 > > 70 2 8 2008 6:00:00 0 > > 71 2 8 2008 7:00:00 0 > > 72 2 8 2008 8:00:00 0 > > 73 2 8 2008 9:00:00 0 > > 74 2 8 2008 10:00:00 0 > > 75 2 8 2008 11:00:00 0 > > 76 2 8 2008 12:00:00 0 > > 77 2 8 2008 13:00:00 0 > > 78 2 8 2008 14:00:00 0 > > 79 2 8 2008 15:00:00 0 > > 80 2 8 2008 16:00:00 0 > > 81 2 8 2008 17:00:00 0 > > 82 2 8 2008 18:00:00 0 > > 83 2 8 2008 19:00:00 0 > > 84 2 8 2008 20:00:00 0 > > 85 2 8 2008 21:00:00 0 > > 86 2 8 2008 22:00:00 0 > > 87 2 8 2008 23:00:00 0 > > 88 2 8 2008 24:00:00 11.1 > > 89 3 8 2008 1:00:00 0.4 > > 90 3 8 2008 2:00:00 0 > > 91 3 8 2008 3:00:00 0 > > 92 3 8 2008 4:00:00 0 > > 93 3 8 2008 5:00:00 0 > > 94 3 8 2008 6:00:00 0 > > 95 3 8 2008 7:00:00 0 > > 96 3 8 2008 8:00:00 0 > > 97 3 8 2008 9:00:00 0 > > 98 3 8 2008 10:00:00 0 > > 99 3 8 2008 11:00:00 0 > > 100 3 8 2008 12:00:00 0 > > > > The rainfall data is in hourly unit, and I would like to sum the Rain.mm > > according to month. I tried to use aggregate(), but I got this message: > > > > dt <- balok4 > > str(dt) > > aggbalok <- aggregate(dt[,5], by=dt[,c(1,4)],FUN=sum, na.rm=TRUE) > > aggbalok > > > > Error in Summary.factor(1L, na.rm = TRUE) : > > sum not meaningful for factors > > > > > > Thank you so much for any help given. > > > > Roslina > > > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > > > > ______________________________________________ > > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > > PLEASE do read the posting guide > http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. > > David Winsemius > Alameda, CA, USA > >-- *Dr. Roslinazairimah Binti Zakaria* *Tel: +609-5492370; Fax. No.+609-5492766* *Email: roslinazairimah at ump.edu.my <roslinazairimah at ump.edu.my>; roslinaump at gmail.com <roslinaump at gmail.com>* Deputy Dean (Academic & Student Affairs) Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology University Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia [[alternative HTML version deleted]]