First off - let me say I am not an administrator.?? I need to know?if there is an easy way to increase my /boot partition.? When I installed CentOS 6 after running 5, it was my oversight not to increase the /boot size.? it's too small and I can't do yum updates. if it's not easy to actually increase it, is it safe to take a chunk in my root filesystem (like /new.boot or something) and just mount it as /boot from now on so it uses the space or is that not a good idea?? I am sure I could easily copy the rpms/kernel stuff over to it and then unmounts the real /boot and mount this new area as /boot. Can?you administrators let me know what you think of all this??? Thanks in advance. KM
If there are many old kernels in there, you can probably remove the oldest one(s) to make room for newer ones. I've run into problems where the yum update didn't work because there wasn't enough room in /boot; my notes for updating now include removing old kernels first before running updates. --- Mike VanHorn Senior Computer Systems Administrator College of Engineering and Computer Science Wright State University 265 Russ Engineering Center 937-775-5157 michael.vanhorn at wright.edu ?On 10/10/17, 9:55 AM, "CentOS on behalf of KM" <centos-bounces at centos.org on behalf of info4km at yahoo.com> wrote: First off - let me say I am not an administrator. I need to know if there is an easy way to increase my /boot partition. When I installed CentOS 6 after running 5, it was my oversight not to increase the /boot size. it's too small and I can't do yum updates. if it's not easy to actually increase it, is it safe to take a chunk in my root filesystem (like /new.boot or something) and just mount it as /boot from now on so it uses the space or is that not a good idea? I am sure I could easily copy the rpms/kernel stuff over to it and then unmounts the real /boot and mount this new area as /boot. Can you administrators let me know what you think of all this? Thanks in advance. KM _______________________________________________ CentOS mailing list CentOS at centos.org https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.centos.org_mailman_listinfo_centos&d=DwIGaQ&c=3buyMx9JlH1z22L_G5pM28wz_Ru6WjhVHwo-vpeS0Gk&r=_s0N94AIK4hLWzZ1WmAPvZjr8bPWpBPPuhyNjJkGAHs&m=oiG0zd3adnkmuJP8BRsykJqAVPEQ_hXcq80Jj-Bfl_c&s=hg7Ww_cslaLQa4jGDLcy3NhAmURSXvBOW3LXB3JXCuc&e=
On Tue, 2017-10-10 at 13:55 +0000, KM wrote:> First off - let me say I am not an administrator. I need to know if > there is an easy way to increase my /boot partition. When I > installed CentOS 6 after running 5, it was my oversight not to > increase the /boot size. it's too small and I can't do yum updates.How big is it?> if it's not easy to actually increase it, is it safe to take a chunk > in my root filesystem (like /new.boot or something) and just mount it > as /boot from now on so it uses the space or is that not a good > idea? I am sure I could easily copy the rpms/kernel stuff over to it > and then unmounts the real /boot and mount this new area as /boot. > Can you administrators let me know what you think of all this?No, you can't do that. /boot is special and needs to be a separate partition. The most likely cause of your problems is that you have multiple kernels installed - when you boot the machine do you see multiple versions on the grub boot screen? If you don't need the previous versions then they can just be deleted using yum: do 'rpm -q kernel' to see which kernels are installed and 'uname -r' to see which version you are currently running (it should be the same as the highest version installed). You can then use 'yum erase ...' to remove the old kernels. It's always handy to have a version or two old ones in case of emergency so I always leave three on a system. The multiple versions installed of some things - i.e. the kernel - is controlled by a yum variable in /etc/yum.conf called 'installonly_limit'. It's probably set to 5 at the moment, you can set it to 3 safely and that is usually sufficient to stop /boot filling up. P.
Thanks for the idea.? I've already restricted it to one kernel.? .... so
this will not help me.
On ?Tuesday?, ?October? ?10?, ?2017? ?10?:?04?:?56? ?AM, Vanhorn, Mike
<michael.vanhorn at wright.edu> wrote:
If there are many old kernels in there, you can probably remove the oldest
one(s) to make room for newer ones.
I've run into problems where the yum update didn't work because there
wasn't enough room in /boot; my notes for updating now include removing old
kernels first before running updates.
---
Mike VanHorn
Senior Computer Systems Administrator
College of Engineering and Computer Science
Wright State University
265 Russ Engineering Center
937-775-5157
michael.vanhorn at wright.edu
?On 10/10/17, 9:55 AM, "CentOS on behalf of KM" <centos-bounces at
centos.org on behalf of info4km at yahoo.com> wrote:
First off - let me say I am not an administrator.? I need to know if there is an
easy way to increase my /boot partition.? When I installed CentOS 6 after
running 5, it was my oversight not to increase the /boot size.? it's too
small and I can't do yum updates.
if it's not easy to actually increase it, is it safe to take a chunk in my
root filesystem (like /new.boot or something) and just mount it as /boot from
now on so it uses the space or is that not a good idea?? I am sure I could
easily copy the rpms/kernel stuff over to it and then unmounts the real /boot
and mount this new area as /boot.
Can you administrators let me know what you think of all this?? Thanks in
advance.
KM
_______________________________________________
CentOS mailing list
CentOS at centos.org
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.centos.org_mailman_listinfo_centos&d=DwIGaQ&c=3buyMx9JlH1z22L_G5pM28wz_Ru6WjhVHwo-vpeS0Gk&r=_s0N94AIK4hLWzZ1WmAPvZjr8bPWpBPPuhyNjJkGAHs&m=oiG0zd3adnkmuJP8BRsykJqAVPEQ_hXcq80Jj-Bfl_c&s=hg7Ww_cslaLQa4jGDLcy3NhAmURSXvBOW3LXB3JXCuc&e=
_______________________________________________
CentOS mailing list
CentOS at centos.org
https://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Here is my current info, should have increased it to like 500M or so at least.
Filesystem???? Size? Used?? Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda1?????? 96M?? 33M??
59M? 36%?? /boot
ls /boot
config-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64
efi
grub
initramfs-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64.img
initrd-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64kdump.img
lost+found
symvers-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64.gz
System.map-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64
vmlinuz-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64
On ?Tuesday?, ?October? ?10?, ?2017? ?10?:?17?:?46? ?AM, Pete Biggs <pete
at biggs.org.uk> wrote:
On Tue, 2017-10-10 at 13:55 +0000, KM wrote:> First off - let me say I am not an administrator.? I need to know if
> there is an easy way to increase my /boot partition.? When I
> installed CentOS 6 after running 5, it was my oversight not to
> increase the /boot size.? it's too small and I can't do yum
updates.
How big is it?
> if it's not easy to actually increase it, is it safe to take a chunk
> in my root filesystem (like /new.boot or something) and just mount it
> as /boot from now on so it uses the space or is that not a good
> idea?? I am sure I could easily copy the rpms/kernel stuff over to it
> and then unmounts the real /boot and mount this new area as /boot.
> Can you administrators let me know what you think of all this??
No, you can't do that. /boot is special and needs to be a separate
partition.
The most likely cause of your problems is that you have multiple
kernels installed - when you boot the machine do you see multiple
versions on the grub boot screen? If you don't need the previous
versions then they can just be deleted using yum: do 'rpm -q kernel' to
see which kernels are installed and 'uname -r' to see which version you
are currently running (it should be the same as the highest version
installed).? You can then use 'yum erase ...' to remove the old
kernels. It's always handy to have a version or two old ones in case of
emergency so I always leave three on a system.
The multiple versions installed of some things - i.e. the kernel - is
controlled by a yum variable in /etc/yum.conf called
'installonly_limit'. It's probably set to 5 at the moment, you can
set
it to 3 safely and that is usually sufficient to stop /boot filling up.
P.
_______________________________________________
CentOS mailing list
CentOS at centos.org
https://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
On Tue, 10 Oct 2017, Pete Biggs wrote:> No, you can't do that. /boot is special and needs to be a separate > partition.Needs is a bit strong, as grub2 does support LVM. It's not a supported configuration for Redhat. I'm not a sure there's a lot to it beyond having the lvm module loaded in grub, but I've honestly not tried. jh
On 10 October 2017 at 09:55, KM <info4km at yahoo.com> wrote:> First off - let me say I am not an administrator. I need to know if there is an easy way to increase my /boot partition. When I installed CentOS 6 after running 5, it was my oversight not to increase the /boot size. it's too small and I can't do yum updates. > if it's not easy to actually increase it, is it safe to take a chunk in my root filesystem (like /new.boot or something) and just mount it as /boot from now on so it uses the space or is that not a good idea? I am sure I could easily copy the rpms/kernel stuff over to it and then unmounts the real /boot and mount this new area as /boot. > Can you administrators let me know what you think of all this? Thanks in advance. > KMThere is no easy way to increase the /boot partition. One can try to build another /boot partition and use that but that isn't simple either and prone to problems if the /boot is outside of where that particular BIOS can intepret (aka embedded in an LVM) or jump to. I have found the simpler method is usually: dump the disks to backup, reinstall the system with 500 to 1000 MB /boot and restore from backups.> _______________________________________________ > CentOS mailing list > CentOS at centos.org > https://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos-- Stephen J Smoogen.
On Tue, Oct 10, 2017 at 10:36:16AM -0400, Stephen John Smoogen wrote:> On 10 October 2017 at 09:55, KM <info4km at yahoo.com> wrote: > > First off - let me say I am not an administrator. I need to know if there is an easy way to increase my /boot partition. When I installed CentOS 6 after running 5, it was my oversight not to increase the /boot size. it's too small and I can't do yum updates.> > if it's not easy to actually increase it, is it safe to take a chunk in my root filesystem (like /new.boot or something) and just mount it as /boot from now on so it uses the space or is that not a good idea? I am sure I could easily copy the rpms/kernel stuff over to it and then unmounts the real /boot and mount this new area as /boot. > > Can you administrators let me know what you think of all this? Thanks in advance. > > KM > > There is no easy way to increase the /boot partition. One can try to > build another /boot partition and use that but that isn't simple > either and prone to problems if the /boot is outside of where that > particular BIOS can intepret (aka embedded in an LVM) or jump to. > > I have found the simpler method is usually: dump the disks to backup, > reinstall the system with 500 to 1000 MB /boot and restore from > backups.You can do this (warning--back up everything first, just in case): -download the grub live CD image (google for it) -burn it to a CD -boot it -use the graphical partition editor to resize and/or move existing partitions to make room for a larger boot then enlarge the /boot. all this may take a while once you tell it to commit your changes, but it isn't hard to do. I've done it several times, as well as smaller changes, and have yet to have a failure (knock on wood). Does it work with LVM? Hmmm... good question. I think so, but would have to go check to be sure. Good luck! -- ---- Fred Smith -- fredex at fcshome.stoneham.ma.us ----------------------------- I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me. ------------------------------ Philippians 4:13 -------------------------------
KM <info4km at yahoo.com> wrote:> if it's not easy to actually increase it,It's possible to resize partitions. I use System Rescue CD, http://www.system-rescue-cd.org/ -- Yves Bellefeuille <yan at storm.ca>
On 10/10/2017 07:04 AM, Vanhorn, Mike wrote:> If there are many old kernels in there, you can probably remove the oldest one(s) to make room for newer ones.This is what I do. When /boot hits about 80% I go through and remove old kernels I will never boot into anyway. Usually that's at four kernels.
> -----Original Message----- > From: CentOS [mailto:centos-bounces at centos.org] On Behalf Of KM > Sent: den 10 oktober 2017 15:55 > To: CentOS Mailing List <centos at centos.org> > Subject: [CentOS] /boot partition too small > > First off - let me say I am not an administrator. I need to know if there > is an > easy way to increase my /boot partition. When I installed CentOS 6 after > running 5, it was my oversight not to increase the /boot size. it's too > small > and I can't do yum updates. > if it's not easy to actually increase it, is it safe to take a chunk in my > root > filesystem (like /new.boot or something) and just mount it as /boot from > now on so it uses the space or is that not a good idea? I am sure I could > easily > copy the rpms/kernel stuff over to it and then unmounts the real /boot and > mount this new area as /boot. > Can you administrators let me know what you think of all this? Thanks in > advance.Been there done that. A simple solution is to edit /etc/yum.conf and change the line installonly_limit=5 to e.g. installonly_limit=3 and see if that's enough with the existing boot partition size. A "yum update" should delete the two oldest kernel images. -- //Sorin
On 10/10/17 15:55, KM wrote:> First off - let me say I am not an administrator.?? I need to know?if there is an easy way to increase my /boot partition.? When I installed CentOS 6 after running 5, it was my oversight not to increase the /boot size.? it's too small and I can't do yum updates. > if it's not easy to actually increase it, is it safe to take a chunk in my root filesystem (like /new.boot or something) and just mount it as /boot from now on so it uses the space or is that not a good idea?? I am sure I could easily copy the rpms/kernel stuff over to it and then unmounts the real /boot and mount this new area as /boot. > Can?you administrators let me know what you think of all this??? Thanks in advance.Hi, Since a lot of people seem to say none of the above can be done, I'm starting to feel slightly unsure, but I though gparted could extend, shrink and move partitions while preserving data. You'd have to use the "live" version when operating on system partitions. See https://gparted.org - T> KM > _______________________________________________ > CentOS mailing list > CentOS at centos.org > https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.centos.org_mailman_listinfo_centos&d=DwIGaQ&c=KV_I7O14pmwRcmAVyJ1eg4Jwb8Y2JAxuL5YgMGHpjcQ&r=Q0oqxzgUp3xCCIiJDwS-RbNDndQ-KZDhj8wwveNoqU4&m=nLs0WJ6kZnQCcGRXR2LX8ssZUKMhx-U1cQI8WOrVWGI&s=UK49u-sb55j-VQMkNwZkYYYe1fGSEm_ug0xk9kLfscc&e=
On 10/11/2017 12:04 AM, Toralf Lund wrote:> On 10/10/17 15:55, KM wrote: >> First off - let me say I am not an administrator.?? I need to know?if >> there is an easy way to increase my /boot partition.? When I >> installed CentOS 6 after running 5, it was my oversight not to >> increase the /boot size.? it's too small and I can't do yum updates. >> if it's not easy to actually increase it, is it safe to take a chunk >> in my root filesystem (like /new.boot or something) and just mount it >> as /boot from now on so it uses the space or is that not a good >> idea?? I am sure I could easily copy the rpms/kernel stuff over to it >> and then unmounts the real /boot and mount this new area as /boot. >> Can?you administrators let me know what you think of all this? Thanks >> in advance. > Hi, > > Since a lot of people seem to say none of the above can be done, I'm > starting to feel slightly unsure, but I though gparted could extend, > shrink and move partitions while preserving data. You'd have to use > the "live" version when operating on system partitions. See > https://gparted.orgI would prefer boot up in single, and partition a new boot device, with the larger /dev/sda1, and whatever else lvm stuff, then copy the file systems across with dump or xfsdump or whatever, swap the devices and boot.?? this way the old disk is a safe backup.?? heck, /boot can be a SD card or USB stick :-p -- john r pierce, recycling bits in santa cruz
On 10/11/2017 02:04 AM, Toralf Lund wrote:> On 10/10/17 15:55, KM wrote: >> First off - let me say I am not an administrator.?? I need to know?if there is an easy way to increase my /boot partition.? When I installed CentOS 6 after running 5, it was my oversight not to increase the /boot size.? it's too small and I can't do yum updates. >> if it's not easy to actually increase it, is it safe to take a chunk in my root filesystem (like /new.boot or something) and just mount it as /boot from now on so it uses the space or is that not a good idea?? I am sure I could easily copy the rpms/kernel stuff over to it and then unmounts the real /boot and mount this new area as /boot. >> Can?you administrators let me know what you think of all this??? Thanks in advance. > Hi, > > Since a lot of people seem to say none of the above can be done, I'm starting to feel slightly unsure, but I though gparted could extend, shrink and move partitions while preserving data.You would be asking gparted to: 1. Reach inside an LVM PV and shrink one filesystem and its LV, 2. Rearrange the extents inside the PV to make free space at the beginning, 3. Move the start of the PV and adjust all of the starting offsets for the LVs, 4. Finally, enlarge partition 1 into the freed-up space. Even if gparted was willing to attempt that, there is no way I would trust it to do it correctly. -- Bob Nichols "NOSPAM" is really part of my email address. Do NOT delete it.
Le 10/10/2017 ? 15:55, KM a ?crit :> First off - let me say I am not an administrator. I need to know if > there is an easy way to increase my /boot partition. When I > installed CentOS 6 after running 5, it was my oversight not to > increase the /boot size. it's too small and I can't do yum updates.Here's a possible solution to your problem: # yum install yum-utils # package-cleanup --oldkernels --count=1 # yum update Prevent this from happening again by editing /etc/yum.conf: installonly_limit=2 (default value 5, reduce to 2) Cheers, Niki -- Microlinux - Solutions informatiques durables 7, place de l'?glise - 30730 Montpezat Web : http://www.microlinux.fr Mail : info at microlinux.fr T?l. : 04 66 63 10 32