Hi all, I am wondering if Xen implements deferred/asynchronous queued invalidation in order to flush the stale entries from IOTLB. I know that the synchronous version is implemented in xen\drivers\passthrough\vtd\qinval.c , int invalidate_sync(struct iommu *iommu) { int ret = -1; struct qi_ctrl *qi_ctrl = iommu_qi_ctrl(iommu); if ( qi_ctrl->qinval_maddr != 0 ) { ret = queue_invalidate_wait(iommu, 0, 1, 1); return ret; } return 0; } but I could not find anything in the source code about the deferred/asynchronous version. Thank you! -gabor