Hi, I found the concept of usermode in Xen is a bit confused. With Linux, usermode means ring 3 code. In Xen, we also have function like __copy_from_user(), which does copy data from "usermode" to Xen. But users of Xen is guest VM, so I think usermode here means ring 1 (for paravirtualization) and non-root mode (for VTX/Pacifica). Is that understanding correct? Many thanks, Jun _______________________________________________ Xen-devel mailing list Xen-devel@lists.xensource.com http://lists.xensource.com/xen-devel