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Raghavendra K T

2015-Feb-15 05:55 UTC

[PATCH V5] x86 spinlock: Fix memory corruption on completing completions

Paravirt spinlock clears slowpath flag after doing unlock.
As explained by Linus currently it does:
                prev = *lock;
                add_smp(&lock->tickets.head, TICKET_LOCK_INC);

                /* add_smp() is a full mb() */

                if (unlikely(lock->tickets.tail & TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG))
                        __ticket_unlock_slowpath(lock, prev);

which is *exactly* the kind of things you cannot do with spinlocks,
because after you've done the "add_smp()" and released the
spinlock
for the fast-path, you can't access the spinlock any more.  Exactly
because a fast-path lock might come in, and release the whole data
structure.

Linus suggested that we should not do any writes to lock after unlock(),
and we can move slowpath clearing to fastpath lock.

So this patch implements the fix with:
1. Moving slowpath flag to head (Oleg):
Unlocked locks don't care about the slowpath flag; therefore we can keep
it set after the last unlock, and clear it again on the first (try)lock.
-- this removes the write after unlock. note that keeping slowpath flag would
result in unnecessary kicks.
By moving the slowpath flag from the tail to the head ticket we also avoid
the need to access both the head and tail tickets on unlock.

2. use xadd to avoid read/write after unlock that checks the need for
unlock_kick (Linus):
We further avoid the need for a read-after-release by using xadd;
the prev head value will include the slowpath flag and indicate if we
need to do PV kicking of suspended spinners -- on modern chips xadd
isn't (much) more expensive than an add + load.

Result:
 setup: 16core (32 cpu +ht sandy bridge 8GB 16vcpu guest)
 benchmark overcommit %improve
 kernbench  1x           -0.13
 kernbench  2x            0.02
 dbench     1x           -1.77
 dbench     2x           -0.63

[Jeremy: hinted missing TICKET_LOCK_INC for kick]
[Oleg: Moving slowpath flag to head, ticket_equals idea]
[PeterZ: Detailed changelog]

Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin at oracle.com>
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds at linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt at linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock.h | 95 ++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 arch/x86/kernel/kvm.c           | 10 +++--
 arch/x86/xen/spinlock.c         | 10 +++--
 3 files changed, 59 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-)

potential TODO:
 * The whole patch be splitted into, 1. move slowpath flag
     2. fix memory corruption in completion problem ??

Changes since V4:
  - one more usage of tickets_equal() (Oleg)
  - head > tail situation can lead to false contended check (Oleg)

Changes since V3:
  - Detailed changelog (PeterZ)
  - Replace ACCESS_ONCE with READ_ONCE (oleg)
  - Add xen changes (Oleg)
  - Correct break logic in unlock_wait() (Oleg)

Changes since V2:
  - Move the slowpath flag to head, this enables xadd usage in unlock code
    and inturn we can get rid of read/write after  unlock (Oleg)
  - usage of ticket_equals (Oleg)

Changes since V1:
  - Add missing TICKET_LOCK_INC before unlock kick (fixes hang in overcommit:
Jeremy).
  - Remove SLOWPATH_FLAG clearing in fast lock. (Jeremy)
  - clear SLOWPATH_FLAG in arch_spin_value_unlocked during comparison.

 Result:
 setup: 16core (32 cpu +ht sandy bridge 8GB 16vcpu guest)
base = 3_19_rc7

3_19_rc7_spinfix_v3
+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
     kernbench (Time taken in sec lower is better)
+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
     base       %stdev    patched      %stdev      %improve
+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
1x   54.2300     3.0652     54.3008     4.0366    -0.13056
2x   90.1883     5.5509     90.1650     6.4336     0.02583
+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
    dbench (Throughput higher is better)
+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
     base       %stdev    patched      %stdev      %improve
+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
1x 7029.9188     2.5952   6905.0712     4.4737    -1.77595
2x 3254.2075    14.8291   3233.7137    26.8784    -0.62976
+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+

 (here is the result I got from the patches, I believe there may
 be some small overhead from xadd etc, but overall looks fine but
 a thorough test may be needed)


diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock.h
index 625660f..4413315 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock.h
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ static __always_inline bool static_key_false(struct static_key
*key);
 
 static inline void __ticket_enter_slowpath(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
 {
-	set_bit(0, (volatile unsigned long *)&lock->tickets.tail);
+	set_bit(0, (volatile unsigned long *)&lock->tickets.head);
+	barrier();
 }
 
 #else  /* !CONFIG_PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS */
@@ -60,10 +61,30 @@ static inline void __ticket_unlock_kick(arch_spinlock_t
*lock,
 }
 
 #endif /* CONFIG_PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS */
+static inline int  __tickets_equal(__ticket_t one, __ticket_t two)
+{
+	return !((one ^ two) & ~TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG);
+}
+
+static inline void __ticket_check_and_clear_slowpath(arch_spinlock_t *lock,
+							__ticket_t head)
+{
+	if (head & TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG) {
+		arch_spinlock_t old, new;
+
+		old.tickets.head = head;
+		new.tickets.head = head & ~TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG;
+		old.tickets.tail = new.tickets.head + TICKET_LOCK_INC;
+		new.tickets.tail = old.tickets.tail;
+
+		/* try to clear slowpath flag when there are no contenders */
+		cmpxchg(&lock->head_tail, old.head_tail, new.head_tail);
+	}
+}
 
 static __always_inline int arch_spin_value_unlocked(arch_spinlock_t lock)
 {
-	return lock.tickets.head == lock.tickets.tail;
+	return __tickets_equal(lock.tickets.head, lock.tickets.tail);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -87,18 +108,21 @@ static __always_inline void arch_spin_lock(arch_spinlock_t
*lock)
 	if (likely(inc.head == inc.tail))
 		goto out;
 
-	inc.tail &= ~TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG;
 	for (;;) {
 		unsigned count = SPIN_THRESHOLD;
 
 		do {
-			if (READ_ONCE(lock->tickets.head) == inc.tail)
-				goto out;
+			inc.head = READ_ONCE(lock->tickets.head);
+			if (__tickets_equal(inc.head, inc.tail))
+				goto clear_slowpath;
 			cpu_relax();
 		} while (--count);
 		__ticket_lock_spinning(lock, inc.tail);
 	}
-out:	barrier();	/* make sure nothing creeps before the lock is taken */
+clear_slowpath:
+	__ticket_check_and_clear_slowpath(lock, inc.head);
+out:
+	barrier();	/* make sure nothing creeps before the lock is taken */
 }
 
 static __always_inline int arch_spin_trylock(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
@@ -106,56 +130,30 @@ static __always_inline int
arch_spin_trylock(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
 	arch_spinlock_t old, new;
 
 	old.tickets = READ_ONCE(lock->tickets);
-	if (old.tickets.head != (old.tickets.tail & ~TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG))
+	if (!__tickets_equal(old.tickets.head, old.tickets.tail))
 		return 0;
 
 	new.head_tail = old.head_tail + (TICKET_LOCK_INC << TICKET_SHIFT);
+	new.head_tail &= ~TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG;
 
 	/* cmpxchg is a full barrier, so nothing can move before it */
 	return cmpxchg(&lock->head_tail, old.head_tail, new.head_tail) ==
old.head_tail;
 }
 
-static inline void __ticket_unlock_slowpath(arch_spinlock_t *lock,
-					    arch_spinlock_t old)
-{
-	arch_spinlock_t new;
-
-	BUILD_BUG_ON(((__ticket_t)NR_CPUS) != NR_CPUS);
-
-	/* Perform the unlock on the "before" copy */
-	old.tickets.head += TICKET_LOCK_INC;
-
-	/* Clear the slowpath flag */
-	new.head_tail = old.head_tail & ~(TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG <<
TICKET_SHIFT);
-
-	/*
-	 * If the lock is uncontended, clear the flag - use cmpxchg in
-	 * case it changes behind our back though.
-	 */
-	if (new.tickets.head != new.tickets.tail ||
-	    cmpxchg(&lock->head_tail, old.head_tail,
-					new.head_tail) != old.head_tail) {
-		/*
-		 * Lock still has someone queued for it, so wake up an
-		 * appropriate waiter.
-		 */
-		__ticket_unlock_kick(lock, old.tickets.head);
-	}
-}
-
 static __always_inline void arch_spin_unlock(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
 {
 	if (TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG &&
-	    static_key_false(&paravirt_ticketlocks_enabled)) {
-		arch_spinlock_t prev;
+		static_key_false(&paravirt_ticketlocks_enabled)) {
+		__ticket_t head;
 
-		prev = *lock;
-		add_smp(&lock->tickets.head, TICKET_LOCK_INC);
+		BUILD_BUG_ON(((__ticket_t)NR_CPUS) != NR_CPUS);
 
-		/* add_smp() is a full mb() */
+		head = xadd(&lock->tickets.head, TICKET_LOCK_INC);
 
-		if (unlikely(lock->tickets.tail & TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG))
-			__ticket_unlock_slowpath(lock, prev);
+		if (unlikely(head & TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG)) {
+			head &= ~TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG;
+			__ticket_unlock_kick(lock, (head + TICKET_LOCK_INC));
+		}
 	} else
 		__add(&lock->tickets.head, TICKET_LOCK_INC, UNLOCK_LOCK_PREFIX);
 }
@@ -164,14 +162,15 @@ static inline int arch_spin_is_locked(arch_spinlock_t
*lock)
 {
 	struct __raw_tickets tmp = READ_ONCE(lock->tickets);
 
-	return tmp.tail != tmp.head;
+	return !__tickets_equal(tmp.tail, tmp.head);
 }
 
 static inline int arch_spin_is_contended(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
 {
 	struct __raw_tickets tmp = READ_ONCE(lock->tickets);
 
-	return (__ticket_t)(tmp.tail - tmp.head) > TICKET_LOCK_INC;
+	tmp.head &= ~TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG;
+	return (tmp.tail - tmp.head) > TICKET_LOCK_INC;
 }
 #define arch_spin_is_contended	arch_spin_is_contended
 
@@ -183,16 +182,16 @@ static __always_inline void
arch_spin_lock_flags(arch_spinlock_t *lock,
 
 static inline void arch_spin_unlock_wait(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
 {
-	__ticket_t head = ACCESS_ONCE(lock->tickets.head);
+	__ticket_t head = READ_ONCE(lock->tickets.head);
 
 	for (;;) {
-		struct __raw_tickets tmp = ACCESS_ONCE(lock->tickets);
+		struct __raw_tickets tmp = READ_ONCE(lock->tickets);
 		/*
 		 * We need to check "unlocked" in a loop, tmp.head == head
 		 * can be false positive because of overflow.
 		 */
-		if (tmp.head == (tmp.tail & ~TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG) ||
-		    tmp.head != head)
+		if (__tickets_equal(tmp.head, tmp.tail) ||
+				!__tickets_equal(tmp.head, head))
 			break;
 
 		cpu_relax();
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/kvm.c b/arch/x86/kernel/kvm.c
index 94f6434..9c6c8cf 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/kvm.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/kvm.c
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ static inline void check_zero(void)
 	u8 ret;
 	u8 old;
 
-	old = ACCESS_ONCE(zero_stats);
+	old = READ_ONCE(zero_stats);
 	if (unlikely(old)) {
 		ret = cmpxchg(&zero_stats, old, 0);
 		/* This ensures only one fellow resets the stat */
@@ -727,6 +727,7 @@ __visible void kvm_lock_spinning(struct arch_spinlock *lock,
__ticket_t want)
 	int cpu;
 	u64 start;
 	unsigned long flags;
+	__ticket_t head;
 
 	if (in_nmi())
 		return;
@@ -772,7 +773,8 @@ __visible void kvm_lock_spinning(struct arch_spinlock *lock,
__ticket_t want)
 	 * check again make sure it didn't become free while
 	 * we weren't looking.
 	 */
-	if (ACCESS_ONCE(lock->tickets.head) == want) {
+	head = READ_ONCE(lock->tickets.head);
+	if (__tickets_equal(head, want)) {
 		add_stats(TAKEN_SLOW_PICKUP, 1);
 		goto out;
 	}
@@ -803,8 +805,8 @@ static void kvm_unlock_kick(struct arch_spinlock *lock,
__ticket_t ticket)
 	add_stats(RELEASED_SLOW, 1);
 	for_each_cpu(cpu, &waiting_cpus) {
 		const struct kvm_lock_waiting *w = &per_cpu(klock_waiting, cpu);
-		if (ACCESS_ONCE(w->lock) == lock &&
-		    ACCESS_ONCE(w->want) == ticket) {
+		if (READ_ONCE(w->lock) == lock &&
+		    READ_ONCE(w->want) == ticket) {
 			add_stats(RELEASED_SLOW_KICKED, 1);
 			kvm_kick_cpu(cpu);
 			break;
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/spinlock.c b/arch/x86/xen/spinlock.c
index 23b45eb..ed5bb2b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/spinlock.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/spinlock.c
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ static u8 zero_stats;
 static inline void check_zero(void)
 {
 	u8 ret;
-	u8 old = ACCESS_ONCE(zero_stats);
+	u8 old = READ_ONCE(zero_stats);
 	if (unlikely(old)) {
 		ret = cmpxchg(&zero_stats, old, 0);
 		/* This ensures only one fellow resets the stat */
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ __visible void xen_lock_spinning(struct arch_spinlock *lock,
__ticket_t want)
 	struct xen_lock_waiting *w = this_cpu_ptr(&lock_waiting);
 	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
 	u64 start;
+	__ticket_t head;
 	unsigned long flags;
 
 	/* If kicker interrupts not initialized yet, just spin */
@@ -163,7 +164,8 @@ __visible void xen_lock_spinning(struct arch_spinlock *lock,
__ticket_t want)
 	 * check again make sure it didn't become free while
 	 * we weren't looking
 	 */
-	if (ACCESS_ONCE(lock->tickets.head) == want) {
+	head = READ_ONCE(lock->tickets.head);
+	if (__tickets_equal(head, want)) {
 		add_stats(TAKEN_SLOW_PICKUP, 1);
 		goto out;
 	}
@@ -204,8 +206,8 @@ static void xen_unlock_kick(struct arch_spinlock *lock,
__ticket_t next)
 		const struct xen_lock_waiting *w = &per_cpu(lock_waiting, cpu);
 
 		/* Make sure we read lock before want */
-		if (ACCESS_ONCE(w->lock) == lock &&
-		    ACCESS_ONCE(w->want) == next) {
+		if (READ_ONCE(w->lock) == lock &&
+		    READ_ONCE(w->want) == next) {
 			add_stats(RELEASED_SLOW_KICKED, 1);
 			xen_send_IPI_one(cpu, XEN_SPIN_UNLOCK_VECTOR);
 			break;
-- 
1.7.11.7

Raghavendra K T

2015-Feb-15 06:01 UTC

head link

[PATCH V5] x86 spinlock: Fix memory corruption on completing completions

On 02/15/2015 11:25 AM, Raghavendra K T wrote:> Paravirt spinlock clears slowpath flag after doing unlock.
> As explained by Linus currently it does:
>                  prev = *lock;
>                  add_smp(&lock->tickets.head, TICKET_LOCK_INC);
>
>                  /* add_smp() is a full mb() */
>
>                  if (unlikely(lock->tickets.tail &
TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG))
>                          __ticket_unlock_slowpath(lock, prev);
>
> which is *exactly* the kind of things you cannot do with spinlocks,
> because after you've done the "add_smp()" and released the
spinlock
> for the fast-path, you can't access the spinlock any more.  Exactly
> because a fast-path lock might come in, and release the whole data
> structure.
>
> Linus suggested that we should not do any writes to lock after unlock(),
> and we can move slowpath clearing to fastpath lock.
>
> So this patch implements the fix with:
> 1. Moving slowpath flag to head (Oleg):
> Unlocked locks don't care about the slowpath flag; therefore we can
keep
> it set after the last unlock, and clear it again on the first (try)lock.
> -- this removes the write after unlock. note that keeping slowpath flag
would
> result in unnecessary kicks.
> By moving the slowpath flag from the tail to the head ticket we also avoid
> the need to access both the head and tail tickets on unlock.
>
> 2. use xadd to avoid read/write after unlock that checks the need for
> unlock_kick (Linus):
> We further avoid the need for a read-after-release by using xadd;
> the prev head value will include the slowpath flag and indicate if we
> need to do PV kicking of suspended spinners -- on modern chips xadd
> isn't (much) more expensive than an add + load.
>
> Result:
>   setup: 16core (32 cpu +ht sandy bridge 8GB 16vcpu guest)
>   benchmark overcommit %improve
>   kernbench  1x           -0.13
>   kernbench  2x            0.02
>   dbench     1x           -1.77
>   dbench     2x           -0.63
>
> [Jeremy: hinted missing TICKET_LOCK_INC for kick]
> [Oleg: Moving slowpath flag to head, ticket_equals idea]
> [PeterZ: Detailed changelog]
>
> Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin at oracle.com>
> Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds at linux-foundation.org>
> Signed-off-by: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt at linux.vnet.ibm.com>
> ---
Sasha, Hope this addresses invalid read concern you had with latest
xadd based implementation.

(Think we need to test without Oleg's PATCH] sched/completion: 
completion_done() should serialize with complete() reported by Paul.)

Oleg Nesterov

2015-Feb-15 16:17 UTC

head link

[PATCH V5] x86 spinlock: Fix memory corruption on completing completions

Well, I regret I mentioned the lack of barrier after enter_slowpath ;)

On 02/15, Raghavendra K T wrote:>
> @@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ static __always_inline bool static_key_false(struct
static_key *key);
>
>  static inline void __ticket_enter_slowpath(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
>  {
> -	set_bit(0, (volatile unsigned long *)&lock->tickets.tail);
> +	set_bit(0, (volatile unsigned long *)&lock->tickets.head);
> +	barrier();
>  }
Because this barrier() looks really confusing.

Firsty, it is equally unneeded on x86. At the same time, it can not help.
We need a memory barrier() between set_bit(SLOWPATH) and READ_ONCE(head)
to avoid the race with spin_unlock().

So I think you should replace it with smp_mb__after_atomic() or remove it.

Other than that I believe this version is correct. So I won't insist, this
is cosmetic after all.

Oleg.

Raghavendra K T

2015-Feb-15 17:30 UTC

head link

[PATCH V5] x86 spinlock: Fix memory corruption on completing completions

* Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt at linux.vnet.ibm.com> [2015-02-15
11:25:44]:

Resending the V5 with smp_mb__after_atomic() change without bumping up
revision

---8<---
>From 0b9ecde30e3bf5b5b24009fd2ac5fc7ac4b81158 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001From: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt at linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Feb 2015 16:44:11 +0530
Subject: [PATCH RESEND V5] x86 spinlock: Fix memory corruption on completing
 completions

Paravirt spinlock clears slowpath flag after doing unlock.
As explained by Linus currently it does:
                prev = *lock;
                add_smp(&lock->tickets.head, TICKET_LOCK_INC);

                /* add_smp() is a full mb() */

                if (unlikely(lock->tickets.tail & TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG))
                        __ticket_unlock_slowpath(lock, prev);

which is *exactly* the kind of things you cannot do with spinlocks,
because after you've done the "add_smp()" and released the
spinlock
for the fast-path, you can't access the spinlock any more.  Exactly
because a fast-path lock might come in, and release the whole data
structure.

Linus suggested that we should not do any writes to lock after unlock(),
and we can move slowpath clearing to fastpath lock.

So this patch implements the fix with:
1. Moving slowpath flag to head (Oleg):
Unlocked locks don't care about the slowpath flag; therefore we can keep
it set after the last unlock, and clear it again on the first (try)lock.
-- this removes the write after unlock. note that keeping slowpath flag would
result in unnecessary kicks.
By moving the slowpath flag from the tail to the head ticket we also avoid
the need to access both the head and tail tickets on unlock.

2. use xadd to avoid read/write after unlock that checks the need for
unlock_kick (Linus):
We further avoid the need for a read-after-release by using xadd;
the prev head value will include the slowpath flag and indicate if we
need to do PV kicking of suspended spinners -- on modern chips xadd
isn't (much) more expensive than an add + load.

Result:
 setup: 16core (32 cpu +ht sandy bridge 8GB 16vcpu guest)
 benchmark overcommit %improve
 kernbench  1x           -0.13
 kernbench  2x            0.02
 dbench     1x           -1.77
 dbench     2x           -0.63

[Jeremy: hinted missing TICKET_LOCK_INC for kick]
[Oleg: Moving slowpath flag to head, ticket_equals idea]
[PeterZ: Detailed changelog]

Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin at oracle.com>
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds at linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt at linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock.h | 95 ++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 arch/x86/kernel/kvm.c           | 10 +++--
 arch/x86/xen/spinlock.c         | 10 +++--
 3 files changed, 59 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-)

potential TODO:
 * The whole patch be splitted into, 1. move slowpath flag
     2. fix memory corruption in completion problem ??

Changes since V4:
  - one more usage of tickets_equal() (Oleg)
  - head > tail situation can lead to false contended check (Oleg)
  - smp_mb__after_atomic() added after slowptha_enter (Oleg)

Changes since V3:
  - Detailed changelog (PeterZ)
  - Replace ACCESS_ONCE with READ_ONCE (oleg)
  - Add xen changes (Oleg)
  - Correct break logic in unlock_wait() (Oleg)

Changes since V2:
  - Move the slowpath flag to head, this enables xadd usage in unlock code
    and inturn we can get rid of read/write after  unlock (Oleg)
  - usage of ticket_equals (Oleg)

Changes since V1:
  - Add missing TICKET_LOCK_INC before unlock kick (fixes hang in overcommit:
Jeremy).
  - Remove SLOWPATH_FLAG clearing in fast lock. (Jeremy)
  - clear SLOWPATH_FLAG in arch_spin_value_unlocked during comparison.

 Result:
 setup: 16core (32 cpu +ht sandy bridge 8GB 16vcpu guest)
base = 3_19_rc7

3_19_rc7_spinfix_v3
+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
     kernbench (Time taken in sec lower is better)
+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
     base       %stdev    patched      %stdev      %improve
+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
1x   54.2300     3.0652     54.3008     4.0366    -0.13056
2x   90.1883     5.5509     90.1650     6.4336     0.02583
+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
    dbench (Throughput higher is better)
+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
     base       %stdev    patched      %stdev      %improve
+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
1x 7029.9188     2.5952   6905.0712     4.4737    -1.77595
2x 3254.2075    14.8291   3233.7137    26.8784    -0.62976
+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+

 (here is the result I got from the patches, I believe there may
 be some small overhead from xadd etc, but overall looks fine but
 a thorough test may be needed)


diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock.h
index 625660f..cf87de3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock.h
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ static __always_inline bool static_key_false(struct static_key
*key);
 
 static inline void __ticket_enter_slowpath(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
 {
-	set_bit(0, (volatile unsigned long *)&lock->tickets.tail);
+	set_bit(0, (volatile unsigned long *)&lock->tickets.head);
 }
 
 #else  /* !CONFIG_PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS */
@@ -60,10 +60,30 @@ static inline void __ticket_unlock_kick(arch_spinlock_t
*lock,
 }
 
 #endif /* CONFIG_PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS */
+static inline int  __tickets_equal(__ticket_t one, __ticket_t two)
+{
+	return !((one ^ two) & ~TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG);
+}
+
+static inline void __ticket_check_and_clear_slowpath(arch_spinlock_t *lock,
+							__ticket_t head)
+{
+	if (head & TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG) {
+		arch_spinlock_t old, new;
+
+		old.tickets.head = head;
+		new.tickets.head = head & ~TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG;
+		old.tickets.tail = new.tickets.head + TICKET_LOCK_INC;
+		new.tickets.tail = old.tickets.tail;
+
+		/* try to clear slowpath flag when there are no contenders */
+		cmpxchg(&lock->head_tail, old.head_tail, new.head_tail);
+	}
+}
 
 static __always_inline int arch_spin_value_unlocked(arch_spinlock_t lock)
 {
-	return lock.tickets.head == lock.tickets.tail;
+	return __tickets_equal(lock.tickets.head, lock.tickets.tail);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -87,18 +107,21 @@ static __always_inline void arch_spin_lock(arch_spinlock_t
*lock)
 	if (likely(inc.head == inc.tail))
 		goto out;
 
-	inc.tail &= ~TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG;
 	for (;;) {
 		unsigned count = SPIN_THRESHOLD;
 
 		do {
-			if (READ_ONCE(lock->tickets.head) == inc.tail)
-				goto out;
+			inc.head = READ_ONCE(lock->tickets.head);
+			if (__tickets_equal(inc.head, inc.tail))
+				goto clear_slowpath;
 			cpu_relax();
 		} while (--count);
 		__ticket_lock_spinning(lock, inc.tail);
 	}
-out:	barrier();	/* make sure nothing creeps before the lock is taken */
+clear_slowpath:
+	__ticket_check_and_clear_slowpath(lock, inc.head);
+out:
+	barrier();	/* make sure nothing creeps before the lock is taken */
 }
 
 static __always_inline int arch_spin_trylock(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
@@ -106,56 +129,30 @@ static __always_inline int
arch_spin_trylock(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
 	arch_spinlock_t old, new;
 
 	old.tickets = READ_ONCE(lock->tickets);
-	if (old.tickets.head != (old.tickets.tail & ~TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG))
+	if (!__tickets_equal(old.tickets.head, old.tickets.tail))
 		return 0;
 
 	new.head_tail = old.head_tail + (TICKET_LOCK_INC << TICKET_SHIFT);
+	new.head_tail &= ~TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG;
 
 	/* cmpxchg is a full barrier, so nothing can move before it */
 	return cmpxchg(&lock->head_tail, old.head_tail, new.head_tail) ==
old.head_tail;
 }
 
-static inline void __ticket_unlock_slowpath(arch_spinlock_t *lock,
-					    arch_spinlock_t old)
-{
-	arch_spinlock_t new;
-
-	BUILD_BUG_ON(((__ticket_t)NR_CPUS) != NR_CPUS);
-
-	/* Perform the unlock on the "before" copy */
-	old.tickets.head += TICKET_LOCK_INC;
-
-	/* Clear the slowpath flag */
-	new.head_tail = old.head_tail & ~(TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG <<
TICKET_SHIFT);
-
-	/*
-	 * If the lock is uncontended, clear the flag - use cmpxchg in
-	 * case it changes behind our back though.
-	 */
-	if (new.tickets.head != new.tickets.tail ||
-	    cmpxchg(&lock->head_tail, old.head_tail,
-					new.head_tail) != old.head_tail) {
-		/*
-		 * Lock still has someone queued for it, so wake up an
-		 * appropriate waiter.
-		 */
-		__ticket_unlock_kick(lock, old.tickets.head);
-	}
-}
-
 static __always_inline void arch_spin_unlock(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
 {
 	if (TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG &&
-	    static_key_false(&paravirt_ticketlocks_enabled)) {
-		arch_spinlock_t prev;
+		static_key_false(&paravirt_ticketlocks_enabled)) {
+		__ticket_t head;
 
-		prev = *lock;
-		add_smp(&lock->tickets.head, TICKET_LOCK_INC);
+		BUILD_BUG_ON(((__ticket_t)NR_CPUS) != NR_CPUS);
 
-		/* add_smp() is a full mb() */
+		head = xadd(&lock->tickets.head, TICKET_LOCK_INC);
 
-		if (unlikely(lock->tickets.tail & TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG))
-			__ticket_unlock_slowpath(lock, prev);
+		if (unlikely(head & TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG)) {
+			head &= ~TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG;
+			__ticket_unlock_kick(lock, (head + TICKET_LOCK_INC));
+		}
 	} else
 		__add(&lock->tickets.head, TICKET_LOCK_INC, UNLOCK_LOCK_PREFIX);
 }
@@ -164,14 +161,15 @@ static inline int arch_spin_is_locked(arch_spinlock_t
*lock)
 {
 	struct __raw_tickets tmp = READ_ONCE(lock->tickets);
 
-	return tmp.tail != tmp.head;
+	return !__tickets_equal(tmp.tail, tmp.head);
 }
 
 static inline int arch_spin_is_contended(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
 {
 	struct __raw_tickets tmp = READ_ONCE(lock->tickets);
 
-	return (__ticket_t)(tmp.tail - tmp.head) > TICKET_LOCK_INC;
+	tmp.head &= ~TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG;
+	return (tmp.tail - tmp.head) > TICKET_LOCK_INC;
 }
 #define arch_spin_is_contended	arch_spin_is_contended
 
@@ -183,16 +181,16 @@ static __always_inline void
arch_spin_lock_flags(arch_spinlock_t *lock,
 
 static inline void arch_spin_unlock_wait(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
 {
-	__ticket_t head = ACCESS_ONCE(lock->tickets.head);
+	__ticket_t head = READ_ONCE(lock->tickets.head);
 
 	for (;;) {
-		struct __raw_tickets tmp = ACCESS_ONCE(lock->tickets);
+		struct __raw_tickets tmp = READ_ONCE(lock->tickets);
 		/*
 		 * We need to check "unlocked" in a loop, tmp.head == head
 		 * can be false positive because of overflow.
 		 */
-		if (tmp.head == (tmp.tail & ~TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG) ||
-		    tmp.head != head)
+		if (__tickets_equal(tmp.head, tmp.tail) ||
+				!__tickets_equal(tmp.head, head))
 			break;
 
 		cpu_relax();
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/kvm.c b/arch/x86/kernel/kvm.c
index 94f6434..e354cc6 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/kvm.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/kvm.c
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ static inline void check_zero(void)
 	u8 ret;
 	u8 old;
 
-	old = ACCESS_ONCE(zero_stats);
+	old = READ_ONCE(zero_stats);
 	if (unlikely(old)) {
 		ret = cmpxchg(&zero_stats, old, 0);
 		/* This ensures only one fellow resets the stat */
@@ -727,6 +727,7 @@ __visible void kvm_lock_spinning(struct arch_spinlock *lock,
__ticket_t want)
 	int cpu;
 	u64 start;
 	unsigned long flags;
+	__ticket_t head;
 
 	if (in_nmi())
 		return;
@@ -768,11 +769,15 @@ __visible void kvm_lock_spinning(struct arch_spinlock
*lock, __ticket_t want)
 	 */
 	__ticket_enter_slowpath(lock);
 
+	/* make sure enter_slowpath, which is atomic does not cross the read */
+	smp_mb__after_atomic();
+
 	/*
 	 * check again make sure it didn't become free while
 	 * we weren't looking.
 	 */
-	if (ACCESS_ONCE(lock->tickets.head) == want) {
+	head = READ_ONCE(lock->tickets.head);
+	if (__tickets_equal(head, want)) {
 		add_stats(TAKEN_SLOW_PICKUP, 1);
 		goto out;
 	}
@@ -803,8 +808,8 @@ static void kvm_unlock_kick(struct arch_spinlock *lock,
__ticket_t ticket)
 	add_stats(RELEASED_SLOW, 1);
 	for_each_cpu(cpu, &waiting_cpus) {
 		const struct kvm_lock_waiting *w = &per_cpu(klock_waiting, cpu);
-		if (ACCESS_ONCE(w->lock) == lock &&
-		    ACCESS_ONCE(w->want) == ticket) {
+		if (READ_ONCE(w->lock) == lock &&
+		    READ_ONCE(w->want) == ticket) {
 			add_stats(RELEASED_SLOW_KICKED, 1);
 			kvm_kick_cpu(cpu);
 			break;
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/spinlock.c b/arch/x86/xen/spinlock.c
index 23b45eb..956374c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/spinlock.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/spinlock.c
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ static u8 zero_stats;
 static inline void check_zero(void)
 {
 	u8 ret;
-	u8 old = ACCESS_ONCE(zero_stats);
+	u8 old = READ_ONCE(zero_stats);
 	if (unlikely(old)) {
 		ret = cmpxchg(&zero_stats, old, 0);
 		/* This ensures only one fellow resets the stat */
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ __visible void xen_lock_spinning(struct arch_spinlock *lock,
__ticket_t want)
 	struct xen_lock_waiting *w = this_cpu_ptr(&lock_waiting);
 	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
 	u64 start;
+	__ticket_t head;
 	unsigned long flags;
 
 	/* If kicker interrupts not initialized yet, just spin */
@@ -159,11 +160,15 @@ __visible void xen_lock_spinning(struct arch_spinlock
*lock, __ticket_t want)
 	 */
 	__ticket_enter_slowpath(lock);
 
+	/* make sure enter_slowpath, which is atomic does not cross the read */
+	smp_mb__after_atomic();
+
 	/*
 	 * check again make sure it didn't become free while
 	 * we weren't looking
 	 */
-	if (ACCESS_ONCE(lock->tickets.head) == want) {
+	head = READ_ONCE(lock->tickets.head);
+	if (__tickets_equal(head, want)) {
 		add_stats(TAKEN_SLOW_PICKUP, 1);
 		goto out;
 	}
@@ -204,8 +209,8 @@ static void xen_unlock_kick(struct arch_spinlock *lock,
__ticket_t next)
 		const struct xen_lock_waiting *w = &per_cpu(lock_waiting, cpu);
 
 		/* Make sure we read lock before want */
-		if (ACCESS_ONCE(w->lock) == lock &&
-		    ACCESS_ONCE(w->want) == next) {
+		if (READ_ONCE(w->lock) == lock &&
+		    READ_ONCE(w->want) == next) {
 			add_stats(RELEASED_SLOW_KICKED, 1);
 			xen_send_IPI_one(cpu, XEN_SPIN_UNLOCK_VECTOR);
 			break;
-- 
1.7.11.7

Raghavendra K T

2015-Feb-15 17:34 UTC

head link

[PATCH V5] x86 spinlock: Fix memory corruption on completing completions

On 02/15/2015 09:47 PM, Oleg Nesterov wrote:> Well, I regret I mentioned the lack of barrier after enter_slowpath ;)
>
> On 02/15, Raghavendra K T wrote:
>>
>> @@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ static __always_inline bool static_key_false(struct
static_key *key);
>>
>>   static inline void __ticket_enter_slowpath(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
>>   {
>> -	set_bit(0, (volatile unsigned long *)&lock->tickets.tail);
>> +	set_bit(0, (volatile unsigned long *)&lock->tickets.head);
>> +	barrier();
>>   }
>
> Because this barrier() looks really confusing.
>
> Firsty, it is equally unneeded on x86. At the same time, it can not help.
> We need a memory barrier() between set_bit(SLOWPATH) and READ_ONCE(head)
> to avoid the race with spin_unlock().
>
> So I think you should replace it with smp_mb__after_atomic() or remove it.
>
I resent the patch the above change.
>
> Other than that I believe this version is correct. So I won't insist,
this
> is cosmetic after all.
Thanks Oleg.

Oleg Nesterov

2015-Feb-15 20:31 UTC

head link

[PATCH V5] x86 spinlock: Fix memory corruption on completing completions

On 02/15, Raghavendra K T wrote:>
> * Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt at linux.vnet.ibm.com> [2015-02-15
11:25:44]:
>
> Resending the V5 with smp_mb__after_atomic() change without bumping up
> revision
Reviewed-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg at redhat.com>

Of course, this needs the acks from maintainers. And I agree that SLOWPATH
in .head makes xadd() in unlock() unavoidable. However I do not see how we
can avoid the locked inc if we want to eliminate read-after-unlock.

David Vrabel

2015-Feb-16 16:47 UTC

head link

[Xen-devel] [PATCH V5] x86 spinlock: Fix memory corruption on completing completions

On 15/02/15 17:30, Raghavendra K T wrote:> --- a/arch/x86/xen/spinlock.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/xen/spinlock.c
> @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ static u8 zero_stats;
>  static inline void check_zero(void)
>  {
>  	u8 ret;
> -	u8 old = ACCESS_ONCE(zero_stats);
> +	u8 old = READ_ONCE(zero_stats);
>  	if (unlikely(old)) {
>  		ret = cmpxchg(&zero_stats, old, 0);
>  		/* This ensures only one fellow resets the stat */
> @@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ __visible void xen_lock_spinning(struct arch_spinlock
*lock, __ticket_t want)
>  	struct xen_lock_waiting *w = this_cpu_ptr(&lock_waiting);
>  	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
>  	u64 start;
> +	__ticket_t head;
>  	unsigned long flags;
>  
>  	/* If kicker interrupts not initialized yet, just spin */
> @@ -159,11 +160,15 @@ __visible void xen_lock_spinning(struct arch_spinlock
*lock, __ticket_t want)
>  	 */
>  	__ticket_enter_slowpath(lock);
>  
> +	/* make sure enter_slowpath, which is atomic does not cross the read */
> +	smp_mb__after_atomic();
> +
>  	/*
>  	 * check again make sure it didn't become free while
>  	 * we weren't looking
>  	 */
> -	if (ACCESS_ONCE(lock->tickets.head) == want) {
> +	head = READ_ONCE(lock->tickets.head);
> +	if (__tickets_equal(head, want)) {
>  		add_stats(TAKEN_SLOW_PICKUP, 1);
>  		goto out;
>  	}
> @@ -204,8 +209,8 @@ static void xen_unlock_kick(struct arch_spinlock *lock,
__ticket_t next)
>  		const struct xen_lock_waiting *w = &per_cpu(lock_waiting, cpu);
>  
>  		/* Make sure we read lock before want */
> -		if (ACCESS_ONCE(w->lock) == lock &&
> -		    ACCESS_ONCE(w->want) == next) {
> +		if (READ_ONCE(w->lock) == lock &&
> +		    READ_ONCE(w->want) == next) {
>  			add_stats(RELEASED_SLOW_KICKED, 1);
>  			xen_send_IPI_one(cpu, XEN_SPIN_UNLOCK_VECTOR);
>  			break;
Acked-by: David Vrabel <david.vrabel at citrix.com>

Although some of the ACCESS_ONCE to READ_ONCE changes are cosmetic and
are perhaps best left out of a patch destined for stable.

David

Sasha Levin

2015-Feb-17 18:26 UTC

head link

[PATCH V5] x86 spinlock: Fix memory corruption on completing completions

On 02/15/2015 01:01 AM, Raghavendra K T wrote:> On 02/15/2015 11:25 AM, Raghavendra K T wrote:
>> Paravirt spinlock clears slowpath flag after doing unlock.
>> As explained by Linus currently it does:
>>                  prev = *lock;
>>                  add_smp(&lock->tickets.head, TICKET_LOCK_INC);
>>
>>                  /* add_smp() is a full mb() */
>>
>>                  if (unlikely(lock->tickets.tail &
TICKET_SLOWPATH_FLAG))
>>                          __ticket_unlock_slowpath(lock, prev);
>>
>> which is *exactly* the kind of things you cannot do with spinlocks,
>> because after you've done the "add_smp()" and released
the spinlock
>> for the fast-path, you can't access the spinlock any more.  Exactly
>> because a fast-path lock might come in, and release the whole data
>> structure.
>>
>> Linus suggested that we should not do any writes to lock after
unlock(),
>> and we can move slowpath clearing to fastpath lock.
>>
>> So this patch implements the fix with:
>> 1. Moving slowpath flag to head (Oleg):
>> Unlocked locks don't care about the slowpath flag; therefore we can
keep
>> it set after the last unlock, and clear it again on the first
(try)lock.
>> -- this removes the write after unlock. note that keeping slowpath flag
would
>> result in unnecessary kicks.
>> By moving the slowpath flag from the tail to the head ticket we also
avoid
>> the need to access both the head and tail tickets on unlock.
>>
>> 2. use xadd to avoid read/write after unlock that checks the need for
>> unlock_kick (Linus):
>> We further avoid the need for a read-after-release by using xadd;
>> the prev head value will include the slowpath flag and indicate if we
>> need to do PV kicking of suspended spinners -- on modern chips xadd
>> isn't (much) more expensive than an add + load.
>>
>> Result:
>>   setup: 16core (32 cpu +ht sandy bridge 8GB 16vcpu guest)
>>   benchmark overcommit %improve
>>   kernbench  1x           -0.13
>>   kernbench  2x            0.02
>>   dbench     1x           -1.77
>>   dbench     2x           -0.63
>>
>> [Jeremy: hinted missing TICKET_LOCK_INC for kick]
>> [Oleg: Moving slowpath flag to head, ticket_equals idea]
>> [PeterZ: Detailed changelog]
>>
>> Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin at oracle.com>
>> Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds at linux-foundation.org>
>> Signed-off-by: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt at
linux.vnet.ibm.com>
>> ---
> 
> Sasha, Hope this addresses invalid read concern you had with latest
> xadd based implementation.
> 
> (Think we need to test without Oleg's PATCH] sched/completion:
completion_done() should serialize with complete() reported by Paul.)
> 
I ran it for a while and everything seems to work correctly:

	Tested-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin at oracle.com>


Thanks,
Sasha

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