search for: u2013

...ationmatters.com/hyphen-dash-n-dash-and-m-dash/ I achieved it by executing below command after going through this page on stackoverflow: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9223795/how-to-correctly-deal-with-escaped-unicode-characters-in-r-e-g-the-em-dash splitends<-sapply(end,strsplit,"-|\u2013|,") where '\u2013' is, i guess, the unicode for en-dash/em-dash character in the ranges values. I had scrapped the HTML table from this web page : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_in_Danger and range values does have en-dash characters. For now the issue is resolv...

Dear all, I have a multiline plot with each line labeled with a different letter. But I'm not able to make the legend display the same kind of pattern '-a-', instead the letter is overwritten by the line. A simpler legend with only the letter is not very visible and the pt.bg does nothing with letters. Any idea? plot(1:10,10:1,lty=1,type='b', lwd=2,pch='a')

Dear Emily, Using a look-behind solves the split problem in this case. (Note: Using Regex is in most/many cases the simplest solution.) str = c("leucocyten + gramnegatieve staven +++ grampositieve staven ++", "leucocyten ? grampositieve coccen +") tokens = strsplit(str, "(?<=[-+])\\s++", perl=TRUE) PROBLEM The current expression does NOT work for a different

Hi Sunny, Try this: # notice that I have replaced the fancy hyphens with real hyphens end<-c("2001-","1992-","2013-","2013-","2013-","2013-", "1993-2007","2010-","2012-","1984-1992","1996-","2015-") splitends<-sapply(end,strsplit,"-") last_bit(x)

Hi, I have a char vector with year values. Some cells have single year value '2001-' and some have range like 1996-2007. I need to remove hyphen character '-' from all the values within the character vector named as 'end'. After removing the hyphen I need to get the last number from the cells where there are year range values i.e if the cell has range 1996-2007, the code

...* > functions As you are changing encodings, you do not want to preserve encoding! > x_utf8 <- enc2utf8(x) > Encoding(x_utf8) > x_nat <- enc2native(x_utf8) > Encoding(x_nat) In an actual Latin-1 locale on Linux > x_utf8 <- c("??", "\u20ac", "\u2013") > Encoding(x_utf8) [1] "latin1" "UTF-8" "UTF-8" > enc2native(x_utf8) [1] "??" "<U+20AC>" "<U+2013>" > Encoding(.Last.value) [1] "latin1" "unknown" "unknown" as expected....

Upon further inspection, I think these are at least two problems. First the issue with printing latin1/cp1252 characters in the "80" to "9F" code range. x <- c("?", "?", "?") Encoding(x) print(x) I assume that these are Unicode escapes!? (Given that Encoding(x) shows "latin1" I'd rather expect latin1/cp1252 escapes here, but