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...in Caret. The stepwise "direction" appears to default to "backward". When I try to use "scope" to provide a lower and upper model, Caret still seems to default to "backward". Any thoughts on how I can make this work? Here is what I tried: itemonly <- susbstitute(~i1+i2+i3+i4+i5+i6+i7+i8+i9+i10) #this is my full model #I want my "lower" model to consist of the intercept only stepLmFit.i <- train(xtraindata.i, ytraindata,"lmStepAIC", scope=list(upper=itemonly,lower=~1),direction="forward") Any guidance on how I can make t...