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Dear R users. I have data observed on the surface of a torus, and am trying to fit the nonlinear regression using the geodesic equation on a torus. Could anyone give me a helpful advise on this problem? I would definitely appreicate your reply. Sincerely, SUNGSU KIM [[alternative HTML version deleted]]

...{ c<-c(-1,0,1) f<-sum(c+x) } expecting f to be -1+x+0+x+1+x=3x. But I found out that f is sum(x). So, f is always a scalar, which means that f(c(0,1)) is not a vector as c(0,3), but 3(0+1)=3. I would like to ask you helping me in solving this problem. I would like to thank you in advance. Sungsu. UC riverside.

...sage is shown below. Error in .Fortran("DEPTH", u, v, as.integer(size), as.single(x), as.single(y), : Fortran symbol name "depth" not in load table Could any one advise me what I could do to run my code in 2.5.1? Sincerely, SUNGSU KIM [[alternative HTML version deleted]]

...{ c<-c(-1,0,1) f<-sum(c+x) } expecting f to be -1+x+0+x+1+x=3x. But I found out that f is sum(x). So, f is always a scalar, which means that f(c(0,1)) is not a vector as c(0,3), but 3(0+1)=3. I would like to ask you helping me in solving this problem. I would like to thank you in advance. Sungsu. UC riverside.

Hi, I have a density that I need to get MLEs from, which includes definite integrals both in the denominator and in the numerator of the density function. It looks like the outcome depends on the initial values given. My program is shown below: library(circular) ######################################## 4 parameters ######################################## z<-rvonmises(100,0,1)