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...psiq = PROTECT(allocVector(REALSXP,H_c)); n_prot++; double *psi_ln_psiq_c; psi_ln_psiq_c = REAL(psi_ln_psiq); int not_converged; int maxIter = 10000; int iter; int start_c; /* loop indeces */ int i; int j; int k; /* loop over observational units to find choice probabilities for i=1,...,N */ for (i=0;i<N...

...#Fits data to a gamma distribution "by hand" using optim() gamma2_function(data){ n_length(data) m_summary(glm(data~1, family=Gamma)) shape_1/as.numeric(m$disp) #L = -Log likelihood L_function(x){-(-n*log(gamma(x[1]))+n*x[1]*log(x[1]/x[2])+(x[1]-1)*sum(log(data))-x[1]/x[2] *sum(data))} start_c(shape, mean(data)) parscale_start fit_optim(start,L,method="L-BFGS-B",lower=c(shape/100,0), upper=c(NA,NA),control=list(parscale=parscale)) shape_fit$par[1] mu_fit$par[2] scale_mu/shape dev.res_-2*log(dgamma(data,shape=shape,scale=scale)) loglik_sum(dev.res) #actually -2 * log like lis...

...+DEF_NATIVE(pushfq_cli, "pushfq; popq %rax; cli"); +DEF_NATIVE(iret, "iretq"); +DEF_NATIVE(sysretq, "sysretq"); +DEF_NATIVE(swapgs, "swapgs"); + +static const struct native_insns +{ + const char *start, *end; +} native_insns[] = { + [PARAVIRT_IRQ_DISABLE] = { start_cli, end_cli }, + [PARAVIRT_IRQ_ENABLE] = { start_sti, end_sti }, + [PARAVIRT_RESTORE_FLAGS] = { start_popfq, end_popfq }, + [PARAVIRT_SAVE_FLAGS] = { start_pushfq, end_pushfq }, + [PARAVIRT_SAVE_FLAGS_IRQ_DISABLE] = { start_pushfq_cli, end_pushfq_cli }, + [PARAVIRT_INTERRUPT_RETURN] = { start_iret,...

...+DEF_NATIVE(pushfq_cli, "pushfq; popq %rax; cli"); +DEF_NATIVE(iret, "iretq"); +DEF_NATIVE(sysretq, "sysretq"); +DEF_NATIVE(swapgs, "swapgs"); + +static const struct native_insns +{ + const char *start, *end; +} native_insns[] = { + [PARAVIRT_IRQ_DISABLE] = { start_cli, end_cli }, + [PARAVIRT_IRQ_ENABLE] = { start_sti, end_sti }, + [PARAVIRT_RESTORE_FLAGS] = { start_popfq, end_popfq }, + [PARAVIRT_SAVE_FLAGS] = { start_pushfq, end_pushfq }, + [PARAVIRT_SAVE_FLAGS_IRQ_DISABLE] = { start_pushfq_cli, end_pushfq_cli }, + [PARAVIRT_INTERRUPT_RETURN] = { start_iret,...

Hi Andi, This series of patches updates paravirt_ops in various ways. Some of the changes are plain cleanups and improvements, and some add some interfaces necessary for Xen. The brief overview: add-MAINTAINERS.patch - obvious remove-CONFIG_DEBUG_PARAVIRT.patch - no longer needed paravirt-nop.patch - mark nop operations consistently paravirt-pte-accessors.patch - operations to pack/unpack

Hi Andi, This series of patches updates paravirt_ops in various ways. Some of the changes are plain cleanups and improvements, and some add some interfaces necessary for Xen. The brief overview: add-MAINTAINERS.patch - obvious remove-CONFIG_DEBUG_PARAVIRT.patch - no longer needed paravirt-nop.patch - mark nop operations consistently paravirt-pte-accessors.patch - operations to pack/unpack

Hi Andi, Here's a repost of the paravirt_ops update series I posted the other day. Since then, I found a few potential bugs with patching clobbering, cleaned up and documented paravirt.h and the patching machinery. Overview: add-MAINTAINERS.patch obvious remove-CONFIG_DEBUG_PARAVIRT.patch No longer meaningful or needed. paravirt-nop.patch Clean up nop paravirt_ops functions, mainly to

Hi Andi, Here's a repost of the paravirt_ops update series I posted the other day. Since then, I found a few potential bugs with patching clobbering, cleaned up and documented paravirt.h and the patching machinery. Overview: add-MAINTAINERS.patch obvious remove-CONFIG_DEBUG_PARAVIRT.patch No longer meaningful or needed. paravirt-nop.patch Clean up nop paravirt_ops functions, mainly to

..."pushfq; popq %rax"); +DEF_NATIVE(pushfq_cli, "pushfq; popq %rax; cli"); +DEF_NATIVE(iret, "iret"); +DEF_NATIVE(sti_sysretq, "sti; sysretq"); + +static const struct native_insns +{ + const char *start, *end; +} native_insns[] = { + [PARAVIRT_IRQ_DISABLE] = { start_cli, end_cli }, + [PARAVIRT_IRQ_ENABLE] = { start_sti, end_sti }, + [PARAVIRT_RESTORE_FLAGS] = { start_popfq, end_popfq }, + [PARAVIRT_SAVE_FLAGS] = { start_pushfq, end_pushfq }, + [PARAVIRT_SAVE_FLAGS_IRQ_DISABLE] = { start_pushfq_cli, end_pushfq_cli }, + [PARAVIRT_INTERRUPT_RETURN] = { start_iret,...

..."pushfq; popq %rax"); +DEF_NATIVE(pushfq_cli, "pushfq; popq %rax; cli"); +DEF_NATIVE(iret, "iret"); +DEF_NATIVE(sti_sysretq, "sti; sysretq"); + +static const struct native_insns +{ + const char *start, *end; +} native_insns[] = { + [PARAVIRT_IRQ_DISABLE] = { start_cli, end_cli }, + [PARAVIRT_IRQ_ENABLE] = { start_sti, end_sti }, + [PARAVIRT_RESTORE_FLAGS] = { start_popfq, end_popfq }, + [PARAVIRT_SAVE_FLAGS] = { start_pushfq, end_pushfq }, + [PARAVIRT_SAVE_FLAGS_IRQ_DISABLE] = { start_pushfq_cli, end_pushfq_cli }, + [PARAVIRT_INTERRUPT_RETURN] = { start_iret,...

OK, this is the revised paravirt.h (Andi has seen this before), then the second is the binary patching stuff. More things get added to the paravirt struct in future patches, but this basic stuff hasn't changed for some time. ==== This patch does the dumbest possible replacement of paravirtualized instructions: calls through a "paravirt_ops" structure. Currently these are function

The following patches introduce the core infrastructure needed to paravirtualize the 32-bit x86 Linux kernel. This is done by moving virtualization sensitive insn's or code paths to a function table, paravirt_ops. This structure can be populated with hypervisor specific calls or native stubs and currently support running on bare metal, VMI, Xen, or Lhype. These patches apply to

The following patches introduce the core infrastructure needed to paravirtualize the 32-bit x86 Linux kernel. This is done by moving virtualization sensitive insn's or code paths to a function table, paravirt_ops. This structure can be populated with hypervisor specific calls or native stubs and currently support running on bare metal, VMI, Xen, or Lhype. These patches apply to

..._IRQ ",%eax"); +DEF_LGUEST(pushf_cli, "movl " LGUEST_IRQ ",%eax; movl $0," LGUEST_IRQ); +DEF_LGUEST(iret, ".byte 0xE9,0,0,0,0"); /* jmp ... */ + +static const struct lguest_insns +{ + const char *start, *end; +} lguest_insns[] = { + [PARAVIRT_IRQ_DISABLE] = { start_cli, end_cli }, + [PARAVIRT_IRQ_ENABLE] = { start_sti, end_sti }, + [PARAVIRT_RESTORE_FLAGS] = { start_popf, end_popf }, + [PARAVIRT_SAVE_FLAGS] = { start_pushf, end_pushf }, + [PARAVIRT_SAVE_FLAGS_IRQ_DISABLE] = { start_pushf_cli, end_pushf_cli }, + [PARAVIRT_INTERRUPT_RETURN] = { start_iret, end_ir...

..._IRQ ",%eax"); +DEF_LGUEST(pushf_cli, "movl " LGUEST_IRQ ",%eax; movl $0," LGUEST_IRQ); +DEF_LGUEST(iret, ".byte 0xE9,0,0,0,0"); /* jmp ... */ + +static const struct lguest_insns +{ + const char *start, *end; +} lguest_insns[] = { + [PARAVIRT_IRQ_DISABLE] = { start_cli, end_cli }, + [PARAVIRT_IRQ_ENABLE] = { start_sti, end_sti }, + [PARAVIRT_RESTORE_FLAGS] = { start_popf, end_popf }, + [PARAVIRT_SAVE_FLAGS] = { start_pushf, end_pushf }, + [PARAVIRT_SAVE_FLAGS_IRQ_DISABLE] = { start_pushf_cli, end_pushf_cli }, + [PARAVIRT_INTERRUPT_RETURN] = { start_iret, end_ir...

Hi Andi, This patch series implements the Linux Xen guest as a paravirt_ops backend. The features in implemented this patch series are: * domU only * UP only (most code is SMP-safe, but there's no way to create a new vcpu) * writable pagetables, with late pinning/early unpinning (no shadow pagetable support) * supports both PAE and non-PAE modes * xen hvc console (console=hvc0) *

Hi Andi, This patch series implements the Linux Xen guest as a paravirt_ops backend. The features in implemented this patch series are: * domU only * UP only (most code is SMP-safe, but there's no way to create a new vcpu) * writable pagetables, with late pinning/early unpinning (no shadow pagetable support) * supports both PAE and non-PAE modes * xen hvc console (console=hvc0) *

Hi Andi, This patch series implements the Linux Xen guest as a paravirt_ops backend. The features in implemented this patch series are: * domU only * UP only (most code is SMP-safe, but there's no way to create a new vcpu) * writable pagetables, with late pinning/early unpinning (no shadow pagetable support) * supports both PAE and non-PAE modes * xen hvc console (console=hvc0) *

Hi Andi, This patch series implements the Linux Xen guest as a paravirt_ops backend. The features in implemented this patch series are: * domU only * UP and SMP guest support (NEW!) * dynamic ticks (NEW!) * writable pagetables, with late pinning/early unpinning (no shadow pagetable support) * supports both PAE and non-PAE modes (non-PAE may be broken at the moment) * xen hvc console

Hi Andi, This patch series implements the Linux Xen guest as a paravirt_ops backend. The features in implemented this patch series are: * domU only * UP and SMP guest support (NEW!) * dynamic ticks (NEW!) * writable pagetables, with late pinning/early unpinning (no shadow pagetable support) * supports both PAE and non-PAE modes (non-PAE may be broken at the moment) * xen hvc console