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...nd a corresponding valid standard error). One way to create these "centered dummy variables" from the original factor is: "B"=scale(RACE=="B",scale=F), "W"=scale(RACE=="W",scale=F), "H"=scale(RACE=="H",scale=F), "OTHRACE"=scale(RACE=="OTHER",scale=F) However I wonder if there is some method in R to avoid having to manually define a large number of these dummy variables for a more complicated dataset. Thanks in advance, Peter Holck