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Behavioral science data is often collected from nested structures (students in schools, in districts, etc.). This can produce nonindependence among responses from individuals in the same groups. Consequently, researchers are advised to model the nested nature of the data to avoid biases in SE estimates. Failing to account for nonindependence can lead to SE estimates that are too large or too small depending ones model. In the lite...

Dear all,This is both an R and a statistics question. I want to test whether males and females of a given species tend to co-occur in a given sampling unit more frequently than expected by chance. I'm thinking about using a binomial distribution with p as the sex ratio of the entire population. So, even though the population sex ratio is close to 50:50, each sampling unit would have