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.... And I got the following error message: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ model is syntactically correct expected the collection operator c error pos 8 (error on line 1) variable ww is not defined in model or in data set [1] "C:\\DOCUME~1\\maomao\\LOCALS~1\\Temp\\RtmpqJk9R3/inits1.txt" Initializing chain 1: model must be compiled before initial values loaded model must be initialized before updating model must be initialized before DIC an be monitored Error in samplesSet(parametersToSave) : model must be initialized before monitors u...

...for Finland using the map function. Also, I am not very sure about the steps in importing external map data and use that information to generate a spatial weight matrix in R. Could anyone show me how to implement this using European countries as an example? Thanks a lot for your help. Maomao _________________________________________________________________ The New Busy is not the old busy. Search, chat and e-mail from your inbox. N:WL:en-US:WM_HMP:042010_3 [[alternative HTML version deleted]]

Hi R users, I need to draw a map of select European countries with country names shown on the map. Does anyone know how to do this in R? Also, is it possible to draw a historical map of European countries using R? Thanks a lot for your help. Maomao [[alternative HTML version deleted]]

Hi R-helpers, Is it possible that I have the estimates from each step/iteration shown on the computer screen in order to monitor the process while I am using Optim or MaxLik? Thanks for your help. Maomao [[alternative HTML version deleted]]

...round of the problem if an infinite value occurs. Does anyone know how to restrict parameters with other algorithms such as "BFGS" or "SANN" under the Optim function? Also can I restrict parameters to be within a certain range when using MaxLik? Thanks so much for your help. Maomao [[alternative HTML version deleted]]

...dom variable as follows: if (y[i]==0) { v[i] ~ rnorm(1,0,1) | (-inf ,0) } if (y[i]==1) { v[i] ~ rnorm(1,0,1) | (0, inf) } I guess I cannot use " | ( , ) " to restrict the range of a variable in R. Could you let me know how to write the code correctly in R? Many thanks for your help. Maomao [[alternative HTML version deleted]]

...explain to me what messege 31 means exactly? Is it a cause for concern? Since the value of convergence turns out to be zero, it means that the converging is successful, right? So can I assume that the parameter estimates generated thereafter are reliable MLE estimates? Thanks a lot for your help. Maomao ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > p<-optim(c(0,0,0), f, method ="BFGS", hessian =T, y=y,X=X,W=W) There were 31 warnings (use warnings() to see them) > warnings() Warning messages: 1: In log(det(I_N - pd * wd - po * wo - pw * ww)) :...

...rgence shown above means that the iteration limit maxit had been reached. How can I fix this problem and achieve convergence for my optimization problem? Can I increase the number of maxit so that convergence might occur? Thanks for your help. If more information is needed, please let me know. Maomao [[alternative HTML version deleted]]

...ers to [-1,1])? Among the optimation functions, so far nlminb and spg work for my problem, but neither produces a hessian matrix. As I mentioned above, if I use hessian funciton and calculate standard errors manually, the standard errors seem not right. Many thanks in advance for your kind help. Maomao [[alternative HTML version deleted]]

Dear R-helper, I am trying to do maximum likelihood estimation in R. I use the "optim" function. Since I have no prior information on the true values of the parameters, I just randomly select different sets of starting values to feed into the program. Each time, I get the following error message: Error in optim(theta0, lf, method = "BFGS", hessian = T, Y = Y, X = X, :