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...edge of R. Now I am intended to implement a flood algorithm using R. I have some MatLab experience doing these, and as an example to explain more or less what I want, I have a m code to calculate the slope from a Digital elevation model: slope=zeros(row,col); for i=2:row-1 for j=2:col-1 dzdx=(raster(i,j+1)-raster(i,j-1))/(2*res); dzdy=(raster(i+1,j)-raster(i-1,j))/(2*res); slope(i,j)=sqrt(dzdx^2+dzdy^2); end end; The question is to know how to do the similar procedure on R. All suggestions are welcome Thanks All best, Jorge PD:I am using R on windows system 64 bits...