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Hi, I have an n x m matrix of numerical observations. ie. stock prices I wish to convert the matrix of observations to a matrix of simple returns (by taking the differences between (column) observations.) Can any good soul suggest a function for this? -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/R-beginner-matrix-algebra-tp4653335.html Sent from the R help mailing list

Hi, I need help with two related issues: 1. I wish to drop repeating text "BST" from the below 'dates' string: [1] "2005-04-01 BST" "2005-04-04 BST" "2005-04-05 BST" "2005-04-06 BST" "2005-04-07 BST" "2005-04-08 BST" "2005-04-11 BST" "2005-04-12 BST" "2005-04-13 BST" "2005-04-14

ES function gives the below error. > ES(sim, p=.95, method=c("modified"),portfolio_method=c("component"), > weights=w1) /Error in checkData(R, method = "xts", ...) : The data cannot be converted into a time series. If you are trying to pass in names from a data object with one column, you should use the form 'data[rows, columns, drop = FALSE]'.