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...random = Z.block) : nlminb problem, convergence error code = 1 message = false convergence (8) My data can be reproduced as follows library(splines) library(nlme) x<-c(rep(1993:2007,9)) barrio<-factor(c(rep(1:9,rep(15,9)))) xl<-min(x)-0.00001 xr<-max(x)+0.00001 ndx<-4 bdeg<-3 pord<-2 dx <- (xr-xl)/ndx knots <- seq(xl-bdeg*dx, xr+bdeg*dx, by=dx) B<-spline.des(knots,x,bdeg+1,0*x)$design m=ncol(B) D=diff(diag(m),differences=pord) P=t(D)%*%D P.svd=svd(t(D)%*%D) U=(P.svd$u)[,1:(m-pord)] d=(P.svd$d)[1:(m-pord)] Delta=diag(1/sqrt(d)) Z=B%*%U%*%Delta X=NULL...