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...lose enough to a differentiable function (it may well have steps)." So, I am trying to avoid this 'integrate' in R, but I have no idea. Any suggestion will be greatly appreciated. Kathryn Lord -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/integration-error-when-I-use-%22optim%22-and-%22integrate%22-simultaneously-tp16918109p16918109.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com.

...qrt(exp(g2)) + w3*dnorm((x-mu3)/sqrt(exp(g3)))/sqrt(exp(g3)) ))) return(obj) } optim(theta0, fr2, method=BFGS", control = list (fnscale=10, parscale=c(.01,.01,.01,.01,.01,1,1,1), maxit=100000)) -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/How-to-improve-the-%22OPTIM%22-results-tp16509144p16509144.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com.

...qrt(exp(g2)) + w3*dnorm((x-mu3)/sqrt(exp(g3)))/sqrt(exp(g3)) ))) return(obj) } optim(theta0, fr2, method=BFGS", control = list (fnscale=10, parscale=c(.01,.01,.01,.01,.01,1,1,1), maxit=100000)) -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/How-to-improve-the-%22OPTIM%22-results-tp16509144p16509144.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com.

...scale and these should be comparable in the sense that a unit change in any element produces about a unit change in the scaled value." Would you please explain these things? Thank you in advance. Kathryn Lord -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/scaling-problems-in-%22optim%22-tp16232185p16232185.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com.