The following modifiers are accepted after a ???+??? or ???-???: o A / specifies that the include/exclude rule should be matched against the absolute pathname of the current item. For example, ???-/ /etc/passwd??? would exclude the passwd file any time the transfer was sending files from the ???/etc??? directory, and ???-/ subdir/foo??? would always exclude ???foo??? when it is in a dir named ???subdir???, even if ???foo??? is at the root of the current transfer. Hence, your dir-merge setup causes only the absolute path /tmp/ to be excluded. If you want to exclude /data/home/andy/tmp/ then put that in your .rsync-filter . The leading slash behaves differently in a dir-merge rule than in a "normal" include file. At least, that's how I read the manpage :-) Paul