OK, I had emailed yesterday about an issue backing up a W2K machine using rsync under Cygwin. I was having trouble backing up the root directory, and I'm happy to say that the suggestion of using /cygdrive/c seems to have worked! Unfortunately, now I'm getting another error. The error is this: Invalid file index <some number> (count=<some number>) rsync error: protocol incompatibility (code 2) at sender.c (135) The command line I'm using to start this is: c:\cygwin\bin\rsync -aR -e c\cygwin\bin\ssh.exe -v --numeric-ids --exclude-from=/cydrive/c/ssh/rsync-ex cludes.txt --dry-run --delete --delete-after /cygdrive/c root@backupserver:/ rsync-excludes.txt contains things like: -PEACHW/ -WINPOINT/ -PNTDATA/ : : At first I thought that maybe my file list was getting too long, but I changed my excludes so that I had a file list that I knew was short enough and I still get the error. I get the error on different files depending on what I have excluded, but if I run the same command twice, I get the error in the exact same spot. Thanks in advance for any help. Trey Nolen