Hello, it was an assembler problem of the machine. I now managed to install the package, I tried to fit a 4 or 5 parameters model but the fitting is not good: ``` df = data.frame(Response = c(890.72, 890.94, 880.16, 895.46, 890.8, 884.15, 895.63, 887.22, 879.57, 894.72, 888.91, 878.89, 895.49, 890.83, 882.27, 893.59, 889.92, 881.59, 892.53, 891.76, 880.98, 895.06, 890.32, 881.45, 897.21, 886.35, 876.19, 889.27, 878.11, 868.32, 876.05, 866.57, 859.16, 850.53, 857.96, 859.34, 862.02, 859.04, 859.73, 858.36, 863.64, 861.19), Dose = c(0.0000000015, 0.0000000015, 0.0000000015, 0.000000003, 0.000000003, 0.000000003, 0.000000006, 0.000000006, 0.000000006, 0.000000012, 0.000000012, 0.000000012, 0.000000024, 0.000000024, 0.000000024, 0.000000048, 0.000000048, 0.000000048, 0.000000095, 0.000000095, 0.000000095, 0.00000018, 0.00000018, 0.00000018, 0.00000038, 0.00000038, 0.00000038, 0.00000078, 0.00000078, 0.00000078, 0.0000015, 0.0000015, 0.0000015, 0.000007, 0.000007, 0.000007, 0.000025, 0.000025, 0.000025, 0.00005, 0.00005, 0.00005) ) plot(Response~log10(Dose), df) library(drc) mod = drm(Response~Dose, data = df, fct=L.4()) plot(mod) ``` How can I set a Hill function with `drm`? Thank you On Thu, Sep 25, 2025 at 1:01?PM varin sacha <varinsacha at yahoo.fr> wrote:> > Hi, > > What about directly calling the model function with basicdrm library ? > > library(basicdrm) > > # Fit Hill model > m <- drm(Response ~ Dose, data = df, fct = hillfct()) > > summary(m) > > # Predict & plot > plot(m, log = "x") > > Best, > SV > > > Le 25 sept. 2025 ? 10:12, varin sacha via R-help <r-help at r-project.org> a ?crit : > > > > ? > > Hi, > > Could you paste me the exact error message you?re getting when trying install.packages("drc") > > > > > >> Le 25 sept. 2025 ? 09:02, Luigi Marongiu <marongiu.luigi at gmail.com> a ?crit : > >> > >> ?I got the same errors: > >> ``` > >>> library(basicdrm) > >>> findBestHill(Response~Dose, df) > >> Error in findBestHill(Response ~ Dose, df) : > >> could not find function "findBestHill" > >>> evalHillEqn(Response~Dose, df) > >> Error in evalHillEqn(Response ~ Dose, df) : > >> could not find function "evalHillEqn" > >> ``` > >> > >>>> On Wed, Sep 24, 2025 at 1:47?PM peter dalgaard <pdalgd at gmail.com> wrote: > >>> > >>> They're in basicdrm, not braidrm... > >>> > >>> -pd > >>> > >>>>> On 24 Sep 2025, at 11:52 , Luigi Marongiu <marongiu.luigi at gmail.com> wrote: > >>>> > >>>> Hello, > >>>> I have a set of data coming from a dissociation experiment > >>>> (protein/ligand). Since the data is required to calculate the constant > >>>> of dissociation (Kd) of this pair, I am looking for a way of fitting a > >>>> Hill function to the data. > >>>> I have seen that the package braidrm > >>>> (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/braidrm/index.html) provides > >>>> this function, but when I launch the function `evalHillEqn`, > >>>> `findBestHill` and so forth I get the error of function not found. > >>>> Yet, the package is given as properly installed by the system. > >>>> How can I run this package? > >>>> Is there an alternative way to fit a Hill function to these data? > >>>> Thank you > >>>> > >>>> ``` > >>>> df = data.frame(Response = c(890.72, 895.46, 895.63, > >>>> 894.72, 895.49, 893.59, > >>>> 892.53, 895.06, 897.21, 889.27, 876.05, > >>>> 857.96, 862.02, 858.36, > >>>> 890.94, 890.8, 887.22, 888.91, 890.83, > >>>> 889.92, 891.76, 890.32, > >>>> 886.35, 878.11, 866.57, 859.04, 863.64, > >>>> 880.16, 884.15, 879.57, > >>>> 878.89, 882.27, 881.59, 880.98, 881.45, > >>>> 876.19, 868.32, 859.16, > >>>> 850.53, 853.21, 859.34, 859.73, 861.19), > >>>> Dose = c(0.0000000015, 0.000000003, > >>>> 0.000000006, 0.000000012, > >>>> 0.000000024, 0.000000048, 0.000000095, > >>>> 0.00000018, > >>>> 0.00000038, 0.00000078, 0.0000015, > >>>> 0.000013, 0.000025, > >>>> 0.00005, 0.0000000015, 0.000000003, > >>>> 0.000000006, > >>>> 0.000000012, 0.000000024, 0.000000048, > >>>> 0.000000095, > >>>> 0.00000018, 0.00000038, 0.00000078, > >>>> 0.0000015, 0.000025, > >>>> 0.00005, 0.0000000015, 0.000000003, > >>>> 0.000000006, > >>>> 0.000000012, 0.000000024, 0.000000048, > >>>> 0.000000095, > >>>> 0.00000018, 0.00000038, 0.00000078, > >>>> 0.0000015, 0.000003, > >>>> 0.000006, 0.000013, 0.000025, 0.00005) > >>>> ) > >>>> plot(Response~log10(Dose), df) > >>>> library(braidrm) > >>>> evalHillEqn(Response~Dose, df) > >>>> findBestHill(Response~Dose, df) > >>>> ``` > >>>> > >>>> ______________________________________________ > >>>> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > >>>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > >>>> PLEASE do read the posting guide https://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > >>>> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. > >>> > >>> -- > >>> Peter Dalgaard, Professor, > >>> Center for Statistics, Copenhagen Business School > >>> Solbjerg Plads 3, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark > >>> Phone: (+45)38153501 > >>> Office: A 4.23 > >>> Email: pd.mes at cbs.dk Priv: PDalgd at gmail.com > >>> > >> > >> > >> -- > >> Best regards, > >> Luigi > >> > >> ______________________________________________ > >> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > >> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > >> PLEASE do read the posting guide https://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > >> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. > > > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > > > > ______________________________________________ > > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > > PLEASE do read the posting guide https://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. >-- Best regards, Luigi
ADDENDUM: I managed though with the LL4 and LL5 algorithms: ``` mod = drm(Response~Dose, data = df, fct=LL.4()) plot(mod) ``` what would be the difference with the Hill function? Thank you On Thu, Sep 25, 2025 at 1:41?PM Luigi Marongiu <marongiu.luigi at gmail.com> wrote:> > Hello, > it was an assembler problem of the machine. I now managed to install > the package, I tried to fit a 4 or 5 parameters model but the fitting > is not good: > > ``` > df = data.frame(Response = c(890.72, 890.94, 880.16, > 895.46, 890.8, 884.15, > 895.63, 887.22, 879.57, 894.72, > 888.91, 878.89, > 895.49, 890.83, 882.27, 893.59, > 889.92, 881.59, > 892.53, 891.76, 880.98, 895.06, > 890.32, 881.45, > 897.21, 886.35, 876.19, 889.27, > 878.11, 868.32, > 876.05, 866.57, 859.16, 850.53, > 857.96, 859.34, > 862.02, 859.04, 859.73, 858.36, > 863.64, 861.19), > Dose = c(0.0000000015, 0.0000000015, > 0.0000000015, 0.000000003, > 0.000000003, 0.000000003, 0.000000006, > 0.000000006, > 0.000000006, 0.000000012, 0.000000012, > 0.000000012, > 0.000000024, 0.000000024, 0.000000024, > 0.000000048, > 0.000000048, 0.000000048, 0.000000095, > 0.000000095, > 0.000000095, 0.00000018, 0.00000018, > 0.00000018, 0.00000038, > 0.00000038, 0.00000038, 0.00000078, > 0.00000078, 0.00000078, > 0.0000015, 0.0000015, 0.0000015, > 0.000007, 0.000007, > 0.000007, 0.000025, 0.000025, > 0.000025, 0.00005, 0.00005, 0.00005) > ) > plot(Response~log10(Dose), df) > library(drc) > mod = drm(Response~Dose, data = df, fct=L.4()) > plot(mod) > ``` > How can I set a Hill function with `drm`? > Thank you > > On Thu, Sep 25, 2025 at 1:01?PM varin sacha <varinsacha at yahoo.fr> wrote: > > > > Hi, > > > > What about directly calling the model function with basicdrm library ? > > > > library(basicdrm) > > > > # Fit Hill model > > m <- drm(Response ~ Dose, data = df, fct = hillfct()) > > > > summary(m) > > > > # Predict & plot > > plot(m, log = "x") > > > > Best, > > SV > > > > > Le 25 sept. 2025 ? 10:12, varin sacha via R-help <r-help at r-project.org> a ?crit : > > > > > > ? > > > Hi, > > > Could you paste me the exact error message you?re getting when trying install.packages("drc") > > > > > > > > >> Le 25 sept. 2025 ? 09:02, Luigi Marongiu <marongiu.luigi at gmail.com> a ?crit : > > >> > > >> ?I got the same errors: > > >> ``` > > >>> library(basicdrm) > > >>> findBestHill(Response~Dose, df) > > >> Error in findBestHill(Response ~ Dose, df) : > > >> could not find function "findBestHill" > > >>> evalHillEqn(Response~Dose, df) > > >> Error in evalHillEqn(Response ~ Dose, df) : > > >> could not find function "evalHillEqn" > > >> ``` > > >> > > >>>> On Wed, Sep 24, 2025 at 1:47?PM peter dalgaard <pdalgd at gmail.com> wrote: > > >>> > > >>> They're in basicdrm, not braidrm... > > >>> > > >>> -pd > > >>> > > >>>>> On 24 Sep 2025, at 11:52 , Luigi Marongiu <marongiu.luigi at gmail.com> wrote: > > >>>> > > >>>> Hello, > > >>>> I have a set of data coming from a dissociation experiment > > >>>> (protein/ligand). Since the data is required to calculate the constant > > >>>> of dissociation (Kd) of this pair, I am looking for a way of fitting a > > >>>> Hill function to the data. > > >>>> I have seen that the package braidrm > > >>>> (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/braidrm/index.html) provides > > >>>> this function, but when I launch the function `evalHillEqn`, > > >>>> `findBestHill` and so forth I get the error of function not found. > > >>>> Yet, the package is given as properly installed by the system. > > >>>> How can I run this package? > > >>>> Is there an alternative way to fit a Hill function to these data? > > >>>> Thank you > > >>>> > > >>>> ``` > > >>>> df = data.frame(Response = c(890.72, 895.46, 895.63, > > >>>> 894.72, 895.49, 893.59, > > >>>> 892.53, 895.06, 897.21, 889.27, 876.05, > > >>>> 857.96, 862.02, 858.36, > > >>>> 890.94, 890.8, 887.22, 888.91, 890.83, > > >>>> 889.92, 891.76, 890.32, > > >>>> 886.35, 878.11, 866.57, 859.04, 863.64, > > >>>> 880.16, 884.15, 879.57, > > >>>> 878.89, 882.27, 881.59, 880.98, 881.45, > > >>>> 876.19, 868.32, 859.16, > > >>>> 850.53, 853.21, 859.34, 859.73, 861.19), > > >>>> Dose = c(0.0000000015, 0.000000003, > > >>>> 0.000000006, 0.000000012, > > >>>> 0.000000024, 0.000000048, 0.000000095, > > >>>> 0.00000018, > > >>>> 0.00000038, 0.00000078, 0.0000015, > > >>>> 0.000013, 0.000025, > > >>>> 0.00005, 0.0000000015, 0.000000003, > > >>>> 0.000000006, > > >>>> 0.000000012, 0.000000024, 0.000000048, > > >>>> 0.000000095, > > >>>> 0.00000018, 0.00000038, 0.00000078, > > >>>> 0.0000015, 0.000025, > > >>>> 0.00005, 0.0000000015, 0.000000003, > > >>>> 0.000000006, > > >>>> 0.000000012, 0.000000024, 0.000000048, > > >>>> 0.000000095, > > >>>> 0.00000018, 0.00000038, 0.00000078, > > >>>> 0.0000015, 0.000003, > > >>>> 0.000006, 0.000013, 0.000025, 0.00005) > > >>>> ) > > >>>> plot(Response~log10(Dose), df) > > >>>> library(braidrm) > > >>>> evalHillEqn(Response~Dose, df) > > >>>> findBestHill(Response~Dose, df) > > >>>> ``` > > >>>> > > >>>> ______________________________________________ > > >>>> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > > >>>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > > >>>> PLEASE do read the posting guide https://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > > >>>> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. > > >>> > > >>> -- > > >>> Peter Dalgaard, Professor, > > >>> Center for Statistics, Copenhagen Business School > > >>> Solbjerg Plads 3, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark > > >>> Phone: (+45)38153501 > > >>> Office: A 4.23 > > >>> Email: pd.mes at cbs.dk Priv: PDalgd at gmail.com > > >>> > > >> > > >> > > >> -- > > >> Best regards, > > >> Luigi > > >> > > >> ______________________________________________ > > >> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > > >> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > > >> PLEASE do read the posting guide https://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > > >> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. > > > > > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > > > > > > ______________________________________________ > > > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > > > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > > > PLEASE do read the posting guide https://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > > > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. > > > > > -- > Best regards, > Luigi-- Best regards, Luigi
Hi, the drc package provides a Hill function. You could try this : library(drc) # Fit Hill function hill_mod <- drm( Response ~ Dose, data = df, fct = hill(names = c("Top", "Bottom", "Kd", "nH")) ) summary(hill_mod) # Plot (log-scale on x-axis) plot(hill_mod, log = "x") The 4 parameters are: Top : max response at low dose Bottom : min response at high dose Kd : inflection point nH : Hill slope Your data has Response ? 895 at low Dose and goes down to ? 850 at high Dose, so the Hill curve must be decreasing. That means: Top ? 895 Bottom ? 850 Kd ? midpoint dose (where Response ? halfway between 895 and 850 : ~872). Looking at your doses, this is around 10^{-6}. nH ? slope (start with 1, adjust later) Using your data library(drc) # Your data df = data.frame( Response = c(890.72, 890.94, 880.16, 895.46, 890.8, 884.15, 895.63, 887.22, 879.57, 894.72, 888.91, 878.89, 895.49, 890.83, 882.27, 893.59, 889.92, 881.59, 892.53, 891.76, 880.98, 895.06, 890.32, 881.45, 897.21, 886.35, 876.19, 889.27, 878.11, 868.32, 876.05, 866.57, 859.16, 850.53, 857.96, 859.34, 862.02, 859.04, 859.73, 858.36, 863.64, 861.19), Dose = c(0.0000000015, 0.0000000015, 0.0000000015, 0.000000003, 0.000000003, 0.000000003, 0.000000006, 0.000000006, 0.000000006, 0.000000012, 0.000000012, 0.000000012, 0.000000024, 0.000000024, 0.000000024, 0.000000048, 0.000000048, 0.000000048, 0.000000095, 0.000000095, 0.000000095, 0.00000018, 0.00000018, 0.00000018, 0.00000038, 0.00000038, 0.00000038, 0.00000078, 0.00000078, 0.00000078, 0.0000015, 0.0000015, 0.0000015, 0.000007, 0.000007, 0.000007, 0.000025, 0.000025, 0.000025, 0.00005, 0.00005, 0.00005) ) # Fit Hill function with starting values hill_mod <- drm( Response ~ Dose, data = df, fct = hill(names = c("Top", "Bottom", "Kd", "nH")), start = c(Top = 895, Bottom = 850, Kd = 1e-6, nH = 1) ) summary(hill_mod) # Plot fit on log-scale x-axis plot(hill_mod, log = "x", ylim = c(840, 900)) Then, you can extract the fitted parameters (including Kd and nH) directly. # Coefficients (parameter estimates) coef(hill_mod) # More detailed summary with SEs and p-values summary(hill_mod) # Confidence intervals for parameters confint(hill_mod) # Extract just the estimated Kd (dissociation constant) Kd_est <- coef(hill_mod)["Kd:(Intercept)"] # Extract Hill slope (nH) nH_est <- coef(hill_mod)["nH:(Intercept)"] Kd_est nH_est Best,> Le 25 sept. 2025 ? 13:41, Luigi Marongiu <marongiu.luigi at gmail.com> a ?crit : > > ?Hello, > it was an assembler problem of the machine. I now managed to install > the package, I tried to fit a 4 or 5 parameters model but the fitting > is not good: > > ``` > df = data.frame(Response = c(890.72, 890.94, 880.16, > 895.46, 890.8, 884.15, > 895.63, 887.22, 879.57, 894.72, > 888.91, 878.89, > 895.49, 890.83, 882.27, 893.59, > 889.92, 881.59, > 892.53, 891.76, 880.98, 895.06, > 890.32, 881.45, > 897.21, 886.35, 876.19, 889.27, > 878.11, 868.32, > 876.05, 866.57, 859.16, 850.53, > 857.96, 859.34, > 862.02, 859.04, 859.73, 858.36, > 863.64, 861.19), > Dose = c(0.0000000015, 0.0000000015, > 0.0000000015, 0.000000003, > 0.000000003, 0.000000003, 0.000000006, > 0.000000006, > 0.000000006, 0.000000012, 0.000000012, > 0.000000012, > 0.000000024, 0.000000024, 0.000000024, > 0.000000048, > 0.000000048, 0.000000048, 0.000000095, > 0.000000095, > 0.000000095, 0.00000018, 0.00000018, > 0.00000018, 0.00000038, > 0.00000038, 0.00000038, 0.00000078, > 0.00000078, 0.00000078, > 0.0000015, 0.0000015, 0.0000015, > 0.000007, 0.000007, > 0.000007, 0.000025, 0.000025, > 0.000025, 0.00005, 0.00005, 0.00005) > ) > plot(Response~log10(Dose), df) > library(drc) > mod = drm(Response~Dose, data = df, fct=L.4()) > plot(mod) > ``` > How can I set a Hill function with `drm`? > Thank you > >> On Thu, Sep 25, 2025 at 1:01?PM varin sacha <varinsacha at yahoo.fr> wrote: >> >> Hi, >> >> What about directly calling the model function with basicdrm library ? >> >> library(basicdrm) >> >> # Fit Hill model >> m <- drm(Response ~ Dose, data = df, fct = hillfct()) >> >> summary(m) >> >> # Predict & plot >> plot(m, log = "x") >> >> Best, >> SV >> >>>> Le 25 sept. 2025 ? 10:12, varin sacha via R-help <r-help at r-project.org> a ?crit : >>> >>> ? >>> Hi, >>> Could you paste me the exact error message you?re getting when trying install.packages("drc") >>> >>> >>>> Le 25 sept. 2025 ? 09:02, Luigi Marongiu <marongiu.luigi at gmail.com> a ?crit : >>>> >>>> ?I got the same errors: >>>> ``` >>>>> library(basicdrm) >>>>> findBestHill(Response~Dose, df) >>>> Error in findBestHill(Response ~ Dose, df) : >>>> could not find function "findBestHill" >>>>> evalHillEqn(Response~Dose, df) >>>> Error in evalHillEqn(Response ~ Dose, df) : >>>> could not find function "evalHillEqn" >>>> ``` >>>> >>>>>> On Wed, Sep 24, 2025 at 1:47?PM peter dalgaard <pdalgd at gmail.com> wrote: >>>>> >>>>> They're in basicdrm, not braidrm... >>>>> >>>>> -pd >>>>> >>>>>>> On 24 Sep 2025, at 11:52 , Luigi Marongiu <marongiu.luigi at gmail.com> wrote: >>>>>> >>>>>> Hello, >>>>>> I have a set of data coming from a dissociation experiment >>>>>> (protein/ligand). Since the data is required to calculate the constant >>>>>> of dissociation (Kd) of this pair, I am looking for a way of fitting a >>>>>> Hill function to the data. >>>>>> I have seen that the package braidrm >>>>>> (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/braidrm/index.html) provides >>>>>> this function, but when I launch the function `evalHillEqn`, >>>>>> `findBestHill` and so forth I get the error of function not found. >>>>>> Yet, the package is given as properly installed by the system. >>>>>> How can I run this package? >>>>>> Is there an alternative way to fit a Hill function to these data? >>>>>> Thank you >>>>>> >>>>>> ``` >>>>>> df = data.frame(Response = c(890.72, 895.46, 895.63, >>>>>> 894.72, 895.49, 893.59, >>>>>> 892.53, 895.06, 897.21, 889.27, 876.05, >>>>>> 857.96, 862.02, 858.36, >>>>>> 890.94, 890.8, 887.22, 888.91, 890.83, >>>>>> 889.92, 891.76, 890.32, >>>>>> 886.35, 878.11, 866.57, 859.04, 863.64, >>>>>> 880.16, 884.15, 879.57, >>>>>> 878.89, 882.27, 881.59, 880.98, 881.45, >>>>>> 876.19, 868.32, 859.16, >>>>>> 850.53, 853.21, 859.34, 859.73, 861.19), >>>>>> Dose = c(0.0000000015, 0.000000003, >>>>>> 0.000000006, 0.000000012, >>>>>> 0.000000024, 0.000000048, 0.000000095, >>>>>> 0.00000018, >>>>>> 0.00000038, 0.00000078, 0.0000015, >>>>>> 0.000013, 0.000025, >>>>>> 0.00005, 0.0000000015, 0.000000003, >>>>>> 0.000000006, >>>>>> 0.000000012, 0.000000024, 0.000000048, >>>>>> 0.000000095, >>>>>> 0.00000018, 0.00000038, 0.00000078, >>>>>> 0.0000015, 0.000025, >>>>>> 0.00005, 0.0000000015, 0.000000003, >>>>>> 0.000000006, >>>>>> 0.000000012, 0.000000024, 0.000000048, >>>>>> 0.000000095, >>>>>> 0.00000018, 0.00000038, 0.00000078, >>>>>> 0.0000015, 0.000003, >>>>>> 0.000006, 0.000013, 0.000025, 0.00005) >>>>>> ) >>>>>> plot(Response~log10(Dose), df) >>>>>> library(braidrm) >>>>>> evalHillEqn(Response~Dose, df) >>>>>> findBestHill(Response~Dose, df) >>>>>> ``` >>>>>> >>>>>> ______________________________________________ >>>>>> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see >>>>>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help >>>>>> PLEASE do read the posting guide https://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html >>>>>> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. >>>>> >>>>> -- >>>>> Peter Dalgaard, Professor, >>>>> Center for Statistics, Copenhagen Business School >>>>> Solbjerg Plads 3, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark >>>>> Phone: (+45)38153501 >>>>> Office: A 4.23 >>>>> Email: pd.mes at cbs.dk Priv: PDalgd at gmail.com >>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> -- >>>> Best regards, >>>> Luigi >>>> >>>> ______________________________________________ >>>> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see >>>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help >>>> PLEASE do read the posting guide https://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html >>>> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. >>> >>> [[alternative HTML version deleted]] >>> >>> ______________________________________________ >>> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see >>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help >>> PLEASE do read the posting guide https://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html >>> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. >> > > > -- > Best regards, > Luigi[[alternative HTML version deleted]]