Well pointed out, Jim!
It is infortunate that the documentation for options(digits=...)
does not mention that these are *significant digits* and not
*decimal places* (which is what Joshua seems to want):
"?digits?: controls the number of digits to print when
printing numeric values."
On the face of it, printing the value "0,517" of 'ccc' looks
like printing 4 digits! Joshua's could look even worse if 'ddd'
had values in the 1000s!
To achieve exactly what Joshua seems to want, use the round()
function. Starting with his original assignment of values to
the variable itemInfo, the result of round(itemInfo,digits=3) is:
aaa bbb ccc ddd eee
skill 1.396 6.225 0.517 5.775 2.497
predict 1.326 5.230 0.462 5.116 -2.673
waiting 1.117 4.948 NA NA NA
complex 1.237 4.170 0.220 4.713 5.642
novelty 1.054 4.005 0.442 4.260 2.076
creative 1.031 3.561 0.362 3.689 2.549
evaluated 0.963 3.013 NA NA NA
body 0.748 2.238 0.596 2.019 0.466
control 0.620 2.149 NA NA NA
stakes 0.541 1.905 0.227 2.020 2.343
spont 0.496 1.620 NA NA NA
chatter 0.460 1.563 0.361 1.382 0.540
present 0.428 1.236 0.215 1.804 2.194
reward 0.402 1.101 0.288 1.208 0.890
feedback 0.283 0.662 NA NA NA
goal 0.237 0.474 NA NA NA
Best wishes to all,
Ted.
On Thu, 2018-05-31 at 15:30 +1000, Jim Lemon wrote:> Hi Joshua,
> Because there are no values in column ddd less than 1.
>
> itemInfo[3,"ddd"]<-0.3645372
> itemInfo
> aaa bbb ccc ddd eee
> skill 1.396 6.225 0.517 5.775 2.497
> predict 1.326 5.230 0.462 5.116 -2.673
> waiting 1.117 4.948 NA 0.365 NA
> complex 1.237 4.170 0.220 4.713 5.642
> novelty 1.054 4.005 0.442 4.260 2.076
> creative 1.031 3.561 0.362 3.689 2.549
> evaluated 0.963 3.013 NA NA NA
> body 0.748 2.238 0.596 2.019 0.466
> control 0.620 2.149 NA NA NA
> stakes 0.541 1.905 0.227 2.020 2.343
> spont 0.496 1.620 NA NA NA
> chatter 0.460 1.563 0.361 1.382 0.540
> present 0.428 1.236 0.215 1.804 2.194
> reward 0.402 1.101 0.288 1.208 0.890
> feedback 0.283 0.662 NA NA NA
> goal 0.237 0.474 NA NA NA
>
> digits specifies the number of significant digits ("It is a suggestion
> only"), so when at least one number is padded with a leading zero it
> affects the formatting of the other numbers in that column. I suspect
> that this is an esthetic consideration to line up the decimal points.
>
> Jim
>
>
> On Thu, May 31, 2018 at 11:18 AM, Joshua N Pritikin <jpritikin at
pobox.com> wrote:
> > R version 3.5.0 (2018-04-23) -- "Joy in Playing"
> > Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
> >
> > options(digits=3)
> >
> > itemInfo <- structure(list("aaa" = c(1.39633732316667,
1.32598263816667, 1.11658324066667, 1.23651072616667, 1.05368679983333,
1.03100737383333, 0.9630728395, 0.7483865045, 0.620086646166667, 0.5411017985,
0.496397607833333, 0.459528044666667, 0.427877047833333, 0.402085979666667,
0.283161181233333, 0.236896277233333), "bbb" = c(6.22533860696667,
5.229736804, 4.94816041772833, 4.17020503255333, 4.00453781427167,
3.56058007398333, 3.0125202404, 2.23782358733333, 2.14863910661167,
1.90460903044777, 1.62001089796667, 1.56341257968151, 1.23618558850667,
1.10086688908262, 0.661981500639833, 0.47397754310745), "ccc" =
c(0.5165911355, 0.462204707666667, NA, 0.219635924333333, 0.441863780833333,
0.361502865833333, NA, 0.596137946666667, NA, 0.226984771566667, NA,
0.360922661583333, 0.2145347068, 0.287756249483333, NA, NA ), "ddd" =
c(5.77538400186667, 5.115877113, NA, 4.71294520316667, 4.25952652129833,
3.68879921863167, NA, 2.01942456211145, NA, 2.02032557108, NA, 1.381810875
> 9571, 1.80436759778167, 1.20789851993367, NA, NA), "eee" =
c(2.49725347166667, -2.67340172316667, NA, 5.64195206333333, 2.07633555233333,
2.548949539, NA, 0.465537272243167, NA, 2.34255027516667, NA, 0.5400824922975,
2.1935000655, 0.890007976866667, NA, NA)), row.names = c("skill",
"predict", "waiting", "complex",
"novelty", "creative", "evaluated",
"body", "control", "stakes", "spont",
"chatter", "present", "reward",
"feedback", "goal"), class = "data.frame")
> >
> > itemInfo # examine column ddd
> >
> > When I try this, column ddd has 1 fewer digits than expected. See the
> > attached screenshot.
> >
> > Why don't all the columns have the same number of digits
displayed?
> >
> > --
> > Joshua N. Pritikin, Ph.D.
> > Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics
> > Virginia Commonwealth University
> > PO Box 980126
> > 800 E Leigh St, Biotech One, Suite 1-133
> > Richmond, VA 23219
> > http://exuberant-island.surge.sh
> >
> > ______________________________________________
> > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
> > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> > PLEASE do read the posting guide
http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
> >
>
> ______________________________________________
> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> PLEASE do read the posting guide
http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
>>>>> Ted Harding >>>>> on Thu, 31 May 2018 07:10:32 +0100 writes:> Well pointed out, Jim! > It is infortunate that the documentation for options(digits=...) > does not mention that these are *significant digits* > and not *decimal places* (which is what Joshua seems to want): Since R 3.4.0 the help on ?options *does* say significant! The change in R's source code was this one, 14 months ago : ------------------------------------------------------------------------ r72380 | maechler | 2017-03-21 11:28:13 +0100 (Tue, 21. Mar 2017) | 2 Zeilen Ge??nderte Pfade: M /trunk/src/library/base/man/options.Rd digits: + "signficant" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ and since then, the text has been ?digits?: controls the number of significant digits to print when printing numeric values. It is a suggestion only. ....... whereas what you (Ted) cite is from R 3.3.x and earlier > "?digits?: controls the number of digits to print when > printing numeric values." Maybe we should additionally say that this is *not* round()ing, and give a link to the help for signif() ? > On the face of it, printing the value "0,517" of 'ccc' looks > like printing 4 digits! Joshua's could look even worse if 'ddd' > had values in the 1000s! > To achieve exactly what Joshua seems to want, use the round() > function. Starting with his original assignment of values to > the variable itemInfo, the result of round(itemInfo,digits=3) is: > aaa bbb ccc ddd eee > skill 1.396 6.225 0.517 5.775 2.497 > predict 1.326 5.230 0.462 5.116 -2.673 > waiting 1.117 4.948 NA NA NA > complex 1.237 4.170 0.220 4.713 5.642 > novelty 1.054 4.005 0.442 4.260 2.076 > creative 1.031 3.561 0.362 3.689 2.549 > evaluated 0.963 3.013 NA NA NA > body 0.748 2.238 0.596 2.019 0.466 > control 0.620 2.149 NA NA NA > stakes 0.541 1.905 0.227 2.020 2.343 > spont 0.496 1.620 NA NA NA > chatter 0.460 1.563 0.361 1.382 0.540 > present 0.428 1.236 0.215 1.804 2.194 > reward 0.402 1.101 0.288 1.208 0.890 > feedback 0.283 0.662 NA NA NA > goal 0.237 0.474 NA NA NA > Best wishes to all, > Ted. > On Thu, 2018-05-31 at 15:30 +1000, Jim Lemon wrote: >> Hi Joshua, >> Because there are no values in column ddd less than 1. >> >> itemInfo[3,"ddd"]<-0.3645372 >> itemInfo >> aaa bbb ccc ddd eee >> skill 1.396 6.225 0.517 5.775 2.497 >> predict 1.326 5.230 0.462 5.116 -2.673 >> waiting 1.117 4.948 NA 0.365 NA >> complex 1.237 4.170 0.220 4.713 5.642 >> novelty 1.054 4.005 0.442 4.260 2.076 >> creative 1.031 3.561 0.362 3.689 2.549 >> evaluated 0.963 3.013 NA NA NA >> body 0.748 2.238 0.596 2.019 0.466 >> control 0.620 2.149 NA NA NA >> stakes 0.541 1.905 0.227 2.020 2.343 >> spont 0.496 1.620 NA NA NA >> chatter 0.460 1.563 0.361 1.382 0.540 >> present 0.428 1.236 0.215 1.804 2.194 >> reward 0.402 1.101 0.288 1.208 0.890 >> feedback 0.283 0.662 NA NA NA >> goal 0.237 0.474 NA NA NA >> >> digits specifies the number of significant digits ("It is a suggestion >> only"), so when at least one number is padded with a leading zero it >> affects the formatting of the other numbers in that column. I suspect >> that this is an esthetic consideration to line up the decimal points. >> >> Jim >> >> >> On Thu, May 31, 2018 at 11:18 AM, Joshua N Pritikin <jpritikin at pobox.com> wrote: >> > R version 3.5.0 (2018-04-23) -- "Joy in Playing" >> > Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit) >> > >> > options(digits=3) >> > >> > itemInfo <- structure(list("aaa" = c(1.39633732316667, 1.32598263816667, 1.11658324066667, 1.23651072616667, 1.05368679983333, 1.03100737383333, 0.9630728395, 0.7483865045, 0.620086646166667, 0.5411017985, 0.496397607833333, 0.459528044666667, 0.427877047833333, 0.402085979666667, 0.283161181233333, 0.236896277233333), "bbb" = c(6.22533860696667, 5.229736804, 4.94816041772833, 4.17020503255333, 4.00453781427167, 3.56058007398333, 3.0125202404, 2.23782358733333, 2.14863910661167, 1.90460903044777, 1.62001089796667, 1.56341257968151, 1.23618558850667, 1.10086688908262, 0.661981500639833, 0.47397754310745), "ccc" = c(0.5165911355, 0.462204707666667, NA, 0.219635924333333, 0.441863780833333, 0.361502865833333, NA, 0.596137946666667, NA, 0.226984771566667, NA, 0.360922661583333, 0.2145347068, 0.287756249483333, NA, NA ), "ddd" = c(5.77538400186667, 5.115877113, NA, 4.71294520316667, 4.25952652129833, 3.68879921863167, NA, 2.01942456211145, NA, 2.02032557108, NA, 1.381810875 >> 9571, 1.80436759778167, 1.20789851993367, NA, NA), "eee" = c(2.49725347166667, -2.67340172316667, NA, 5.64195206333333, 2.07633555233333, 2.548949539, NA, 0.465537272243167, NA, 2.34255027516667, NA, 0.5400824922975, 2.1935000655, 0.890007976866667, NA, NA)), row.names = c("skill", "predict", "waiting", "complex", "novelty", "creative", "evaluated", "body", "control", "stakes", "spont", "chatter", "present", "reward", "feedback", "goal"), class = "data.frame") >> > >> > itemInfo # examine column ddd >> > >> > When I try this, column ddd has 1 fewer digits than expected. See the >> > attached screenshot. >> > >> > Why don't all the columns have the same number of digits displayed? >> > >> > -- >> > Joshua N. Pritikin, Ph.D. >> > Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics >> > Virginia Commonwealth University >> > PO Box 980126 >> > 800 E Leigh St, Biotech One, Suite 1-133 >> > Richmond, VA 23219 >> > http://exuberant-island.surge.sh >> > >> > ______________________________________________ >> > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see >> > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help >> > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html >> > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. >> > >> >> ______________________________________________ >> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see >> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help >> PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html >> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. > ______________________________________________ > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Thanks Martin! Good to know that you have made this important change, And, regarding Maybe we should additionally say that this is *not* round()ing, and give a link to the help for signif() ? I think that also would be most useful. In fact, ?signif leads to a whole survey of "Rounding of Numbers", covering the functions ceiling(), floor(), trunc(), round(), signif(). Well worth reading! Best wishes, Ted. On Thu, 2018-05-31 at 08:58 +0200, Martin Maechler wrote:> >>>>> Ted Harding > >>>>> on Thu, 31 May 2018 07:10:32 +0100 writes: > > > Well pointed out, Jim! > > > It is infortunate that the documentation for options(digits=...) > > does not mention that these are *significant digits* > > and not *decimal places* (which is what Joshua seems to want): > > Since R 3.4.0 the help on ?options *does* say significant! > > The change in R's source code was this one, 14 months ago : > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > r72380 | maechler | 2017-03-21 11:28:13 +0100 (Tue, 21. Mar 2017) | 2 Zeilen > Ge??nderte Pfade: > M /trunk/src/library/base/man/options.Rd > > digits: + "signficant" > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > and since then, the text has been > > ?digits?: controls the number of significant digits to print when > printing numeric values. It is a suggestion only. > ....... > > whereas what you (Ted) cite is from R 3.3.x and earlier > > > "?digits?: controls the number of digits to print when > > printing numeric values." > > Maybe we should additionally say that this is *not* round()ing, > and give a link to the help for signif() ? > > > > On the face of it, printing the value "0,517" of 'ccc' looks > > like printing 4 digits! Joshua's could look even worse if 'ddd' > > had values in the 1000s! > > > To achieve exactly what Joshua seems to want, use the round() > > function. Starting with his original assignment of values to > > the variable itemInfo, the result of round(itemInfo,digits=3) is: > > > aaa bbb ccc ddd eee > > skill 1.396 6.225 0.517 5.775 2.497 > > predict 1.326 5.230 0.462 5.116 -2.673 > > waiting 1.117 4.948 NA NA NA > > complex 1.237 4.170 0.220 4.713 5.642 > > novelty 1.054 4.005 0.442 4.260 2.076 > > creative 1.031 3.561 0.362 3.689 2.549 > > evaluated 0.963 3.013 NA NA NA > > body 0.748 2.238 0.596 2.019 0.466 > > control 0.620 2.149 NA NA NA > > stakes 0.541 1.905 0.227 2.020 2.343 > > spont 0.496 1.620 NA NA NA > > chatter 0.460 1.563 0.361 1.382 0.540 > > present 0.428 1.236 0.215 1.804 2.194 > > reward 0.402 1.101 0.288 1.208 0.890 > > feedback 0.283 0.662 NA NA NA > > goal 0.237 0.474 NA NA NA > > > Best wishes to all, > > Ted. > > > > On Thu, 2018-05-31 at 15:30 +1000, Jim Lemon wrote: > >> Hi Joshua, > >> Because there are no values in column ddd less than 1. > >> > >> itemInfo[3,"ddd"]<-0.3645372 > >> itemInfo > >> aaa bbb ccc ddd eee > >> skill 1.396 6.225 0.517 5.775 2.497 > >> predict 1.326 5.230 0.462 5.116 -2.673 > >> waiting 1.117 4.948 NA 0.365 NA > >> complex 1.237 4.170 0.220 4.713 5.642 > >> novelty 1.054 4.005 0.442 4.260 2.076 > >> creative 1.031 3.561 0.362 3.689 2.549 > >> evaluated 0.963 3.013 NA NA NA > >> body 0.748 2.238 0.596 2.019 0.466 > >> control 0.620 2.149 NA NA NA > >> stakes 0.541 1.905 0.227 2.020 2.343 > >> spont 0.496 1.620 NA NA NA > >> chatter 0.460 1.563 0.361 1.382 0.540 > >> present 0.428 1.236 0.215 1.804 2.194 > >> reward 0.402 1.101 0.288 1.208 0.890 > >> feedback 0.283 0.662 NA NA NA > >> goal 0.237 0.474 NA NA NA > >> > >> digits specifies the number of significant digits ("It is a suggestion > >> only"), so when at least one number is padded with a leading zero it > >> affects the formatting of the other numbers in that column. I suspect > >> that this is an esthetic consideration to line up the decimal points. > >> > >> Jim > >> > >> > >> On Thu, May 31, 2018 at 11:18 AM, Joshua N Pritikin <jpritikin at pobox.com> wrote: > >> > R version 3.5.0 (2018-04-23) -- "Joy in Playing" > >> > Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit) > >> > > >> > options(digits=3) > >> > > >> > itemInfo <- structure(list("aaa" = c(1.39633732316667, 1.32598263816667, 1.11658324066667, 1.23651072616667, 1.05368679983333, 1.03100737383333, 0.9630728395, 0.7483865045, 0.620086646166667, 0.5411017985, 0.496397607833333, 0.459528044666667, 0.427877047833333, 0.402085979666667, 0.283161181233333, 0.236896277233333), "bbb" = c(6.22533860696667, 5.229736804, 4.94816041772833, 4.17020503255333, 4.00453781427167, 3.56058007398333, 3.0125202404, 2.23782358733333, 2.14863910661167, 1.90460903044777, 1.62001089796667, 1.56341257968151, 1.23618558850667, 1.10086688908262, 0.661981500639833, 0.47397754310745), "ccc" = c(0.5165911355, 0.462204707666667, NA, 0.219635924333333, 0.441863780833333, 0.361502865833333, NA, 0.596137946666667, NA, 0.226984771566667, NA, 0.360922661583333, 0.2145347068, 0.287756249483333, NA, NA ), "ddd" = c(5.77538400186667, 5.115877113, NA, 4.71294520316667, 4.25952652129833, 3.68879921863167, NA, 2.01942456211145, NA, 2.02032557108, NA, 1.381810875 > >> 9571, 1.80436759778167, 1.20789851993367, NA, NA), "eee" = c(2.49725347166667, -2.67340172316667, NA, 5.64195206333333, 2.07633555233333, 2.548949539, NA, 0.465537272243167, NA, 2.34255027516667, NA, 0.5400824922975, 2.1935000655, 0.890007976866667, NA, NA)), row.names = c("skill", "predict", "waiting", "complex", "novelty", "creative", "evaluated", "body", "control", "stakes", "spont", "chatter", "present", "reward", "feedback", "goal"), class = "data.frame") > >> > > >> > itemInfo # examine column ddd > >> > > >> > When I try this, column ddd has 1 fewer digits than expected. See the > >> > attached screenshot. > >> > > >> > Why don't all the columns have the same number of digits displayed? > >> > > >> > -- > >> > Joshua N. Pritikin, Ph.D. > >> > Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics > >> > Virginia Commonwealth University > >> > PO Box 980126 > >> > 800 E Leigh St, Biotech One, Suite 1-133 > >> > Richmond, VA 23219 > >> > http://exuberant-island.surge.sh > >> > > >> > ______________________________________________ > >> > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > >> > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > >> > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > >> > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. > >> > > >> > >> ______________________________________________ > >> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > >> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > >> PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > >> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. > > > ______________________________________________ > > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.