Dear friends, Is there a way to read data files written in lisp into R? Here is the file: https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/university/university.data I would like to read it into R. Any suggestions? Thanks very much in advance for pointers on this and best wishes, Ranjan -- Important Notice: This mailbox is ignored: e-mails are set to be deleted on receipt. Please respond to the mailing list if appropriate. For those needing to send personal or professional e-mail, please use appropriate addresses.
> On Jan 17, 2018, at 8:22 PM, Ranjan Maitra <maitra at email.com> wrote: > > Dear friends, > > Is there a way to read data files written in lisp into R? > > Here is the file: https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/university/university.data > > I would like to read it into R. Any suggestions?It's just a text file. What difficulties are you having?> > > Thanks very much in advance for pointers on this and best wishes, > Ranjan > > -- > Important Notice: This mailbox is ignored: e-mails are set to be deleted on receipt. Please respond to the mailing list if appropriate. For those needing to send personal or professional e-mail, please use appropriate addresses. > > ______________________________________________ > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.David Winsemius Alameda, CA, USA 'Any technology distinguishable from magic is insufficiently advanced.' -Gehm's Corollary to Clarke's Third Law
It seems the file contains records, with each record having 18 fields. I would use awk (standard unix tool), creating an awk script to process the file into a new file with one line for each record, each line with 18 fields, say comma-separated. The csv file can then be easily read into R via the function read.csv. HTH, Eric On Thu, Jan 18, 2018 at 6:22 AM, Ranjan Maitra <maitra at email.com> wrote:> Dear friends, > > Is there a way to read data files written in lisp into R? > > Here is the file: https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ > ml/machine-learning-databases/university/university.data > > I would like to read it into R. Any suggestions? > > Thanks very much in advance for pointers on this and best wishes, > Ranjan > > -- > Important Notice: This mailbox is ignored: e-mails are set to be deleted > on receipt. Please respond to the mailing list if appropriate. For those > needing to send personal or professional e-mail, please use appropriate > addresses. > > ______________________________________________ > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/ > posting-guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. >[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
Thanks! I am trying to use it in R. (Actually, I try to give my students experiences with different kinds of files and I was wondering if there were tools available for such kinds of files. I don't know Lisp so I do not actually know what the lines towards the bottom of the file mean.( Many thanks for your response! Best wishes, Ranjan On Wed, 17 Jan 2018 20:59:48 -0800 David Winsemius <dwinsemius at comcast.net> wrote:> > > On Jan 17, 2018, at 8:22 PM, Ranjan Maitra <maitra at email.com> wrote: > > > > Dear friends, > > > > Is there a way to read data files written in lisp into R? > > > > Here is the file: https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/university/university.data > > > > I would like to read it into R. Any suggestions? > > It's just a text file. What difficulties are you having? > > > > > > Thanks very much in advance for pointers on this and best wishes, > > Ranjan > > > > -- > > Important Notice: This mailbox is ignored: e-mails are set to be deleted on receipt. Please respond to the mailing list if appropriate. For those needing to send personal or professional e-mail, please use appropriate addresses. > > > > ______________________________________________ > > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. > > David Winsemius > Alameda, CA, USA > > 'Any technology distinguishable from magic is insufficiently advanced.' -Gehm's Corollary to Clarke's Third Law > > ______________________________________________ > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. >-- Important Notice: This mailbox is ignored: e-mails are set to be deleted on receipt. Please respond to the mailing list if appropriate. For those needing to send personal or professional e-mail, please use appropriate addresses.
Thanks! I guess one way to do it in R would be to read the lines and then do character parsing (string-matching and other operations) to save as a data frame and forget about the lines at the end perhaps? I am not sure how general such a scheme would be: that is also something I would like to show my students, because the fact is that to be useful it should be general or easily modified for use other datasets. Best wishes, Ranjan On Thu, 18 Jan 2018 07:02:29 +0200 Eric Berger <ericjberger at gmail.com> wrote:> It seems the file contains records, with each record having 18 fields. > I would use awk (standard unix tool), creating an awk script to process the > file > into a new file with one line for each record, each line with 18 fields, > say comma-separated. > The csv file can then be easily read into R via the function read.csv. > > HTH, > Eric > > > On Thu, Jan 18, 2018 at 6:22 AM, Ranjan Maitra <maitra at email.com> wrote: > > > Dear friends, > > > > Is there a way to read data files written in lisp into R? > > > > Here is the file: https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ > > ml/machine-learning-databases/university/university.data > > > > I would like to read it into R. Any suggestions? > > > > Thanks very much in advance for pointers on this and best wishes, > > Ranjan > > > > -- > > Important Notice: This mailbox is ignored: e-mails are set to be deleted > > on receipt. Please respond to the mailing list if appropriate. For those > > needing to send personal or professional e-mail, please use appropriate > > addresses. > > > > ______________________________________________ > > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/ > > posting-guide.html > > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. > > > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > > ______________________________________________ > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. >-- Important Notice: This mailbox is ignored: e-mails are set to be deleted on receipt. Please respond to the mailing list if appropriate. For those needing to send personal or professional e-mail, please use appropriate addresses.
The file also has a bunch of email headers stuck in the middle of it: ..... (QUALITY-OF-LIFE SCALE:1-5 4) (ACADEMIC-EMPHASIS HEALTH-SCIENCE) ) ------- ------->From LEBOWITZ at cs.columbia.edu Mon Feb 22 20:53:02 1988Received: from zodiac by meridian (5.52/4.7) Received: from Jessica.Stanford.EDU by ads.com (5.58/1.9) id AA04539; Mon, 22 Feb 88 20:59:59 PST Received: from Portia.Stanford.EDU by jessica.Stanford.EDU with TCP; Mon, 22 Feb 88 20:58:22 PST Received: from columbia.edu (COLUMBIA.EDU.ARPA) by Portia.STANFORD.EDU (1.2/Ultrix2.0-B) id AA11480; Mon, 22 Feb 88 20:49:53 pst Received: from CS.COLUMBIA.EDU by columbia.edu (5.54/1.14) id AA10186; Mon, 22 Feb 88 23:48:44 EST Message-Id: <8802230448.AA10186 at columbia.edu> Date: Fri 22 Jan 88 02:50:00-EST From: The Mailer Daemon <Mailer at cs.columbia.edu> To: LEBOWITZ at cs.columbia.edu Subject: Message of 18-Jan-88 20:13:54 Resent-Date: Mon 22 Feb 88 23:44:07-EST Resent-From: Michael Lebowitz <LEBOWITZ at cs.columbia.edu> Resent-To: souders at portia.stanford.edu Resent-Message-Id: <12376918538.25.LEBOWITZ at CS.COLUMBIA.EDU> Status: R Message undeliverable and dequeued after 3 days: souders%meridian at ADS.ARPA: Cannot connect to host ------------ Date: Mon 18 Jan 88 20:13:54-EST From: Michael Lebowitz <LEBOWITZ at CS.COLUMBIA.EDU> Subject: bigger file part 3 To: souders%meridian at ADS.ARPA In-Reply-To: <8801182147.AA08014 at ADS.ARPA> Message-ID: <12367705229.11.LEBOWITZ at CS.COLUMBIA.EDU> (DEF-INSTANCE GEORGETOWN (STATE MARYLAND) (LOCATION URBAN) (CONTROL PRIVATE) (NO-OF-STUDENTS THOUS:10-15) (MALE:FEMALE RATIO:45:55) .... Which dates it to 1988. Nice. Barry On Thu, Jan 18, 2018 at 9:20 AM, Peter Crowther <peter.crowther at melandra.com> wrote:> That's a nice example of why Lisp is both powerful and terrifying - you're > looking at a Lisp *program*, not just Lisp *data*, as Lisp makes no > distinction between the two. You just read 'em in. > > The two definitions at the bottom are function definitions. The top one > defines the def-instance function. Reading that indicates that it accepts > an atom as a name and a list of key-value or key-range-value lists as > properties, where they keys may be repeated to give you multi-valued > attributes in your result. The bottom one defines a function for removing > duplicate entries of the same location. > > The rest of the file (apart from the included email headers) is a whole > load of calls to the def-instance function. In Lisp, you'd define the > functions, then just run the rest of the file. > > To my knowledge, there is no generic way to read Lisp "data" into anything > else, because of this quirk that data can look like anything. If anyone > can correct me on that, great, but I'd be somewhat surprised. Therefore, > as David intimated, the tools you need are generic tools for handling text, > and you'll have to deal with the formatting yourself. If I were doing a > one-off transform of this file, I'd probably reach for vi... but I'm an old > Unix hacker. I certainly wouldn't teach that tooling. awk or perl could > certainly handle it; or if you want to give students a wider view of the > world you might wish to try ANTLR and get them to write a grammar to parse > the file. The Clojure grammar ( > https://github.com/antlr/grammars-v4/blob/master/clojure/Clojure.g4) would > be an interesting place to start, although Terence Parr's comment of "match > a bunch of crap in parentheses" would probably give a flavour of what to > implement. Depends what else the students are learning. > > Hope this helps rather than hinders. > > - Peter > > On 18 January 2018 at 05:25, Ranjan Maitra <maitra at email.com> wrote: > > > Thanks! I am trying to use it in R. (Actually, I try to give my students > > experiences with different kinds of files and I was wondering if there > were > > tools available for such kinds of files. I don't know Lisp so I do not > > actually know what the lines towards the bottom of the file mean.( > > > > Many thanks for your response! > > > > Best wishes, > > Ranjan > > > > On Wed, 17 Jan 2018 20:59:48 -0800 David Winsemius < > dwinsemius at comcast.net> > > wrote: > > > > > > > > > On Jan 17, 2018, at 8:22 PM, Ranjan Maitra <maitra at email.com> wrote: > > > > > > > > Dear friends, > > > > > > > > Is there a way to read data files written in lisp into R? > > > > > > > > Here is the file: https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ > > ml/machine-learning-databases/university/university.data > > > > > > > > I would like to read it into R. Any suggestions? > > > > > > It's just a text file. What difficulties are you having? > > > > > > > > > > > > Thanks very much in advance for pointers on this and best wishes, > > > > Ranjan > > > > > > > > -- > > > > Important Notice: This mailbox is ignored: e-mails are set to be > > deleted on receipt. Please respond to the mailing list if appropriate. > For > > those needing to send personal or professional e-mail, please use > > appropriate addresses. > > > > > > > > ______________________________________________ > > > > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > > > > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > > > > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/ > > posting-guide.html > > > > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. > > > > > > David Winsemius > > > Alameda, CA, USA > > > > > > 'Any technology distinguishable from magic is insufficiently advanced.' > > -Gehm's Corollary to Clarke's Third Law > > > > > > ______________________________________________ > > > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > > > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > > > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/ > > posting-guide.html > > > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. > > > > > > > > > -- > > Important Notice: This mailbox is ignored: e-mails are set to be deleted > > on receipt. Please respond to the mailing list if appropriate. For those > > needing to send personal or professional e-mail, please use appropriate > > addresses. > > > > ______________________________________________ > > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/ > > posting-guide.html > > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. > > > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > > ______________________________________________ > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/ > posting-guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. >[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
Yes, and the structure is obviously case-insensitive. More troublesome is probably that there can be multiple ACADEMIC-EMPHASIS entries, which can be tricky to tidify. Also one would need to figure out what is the meaning of lines like (DEFPROP BOSTON-COLLEGE0 T DUPLICATE) -pd> On 18 Jan 2018, at 18:04 , Barry Rowlingson <b.rowlingson at lancaster.ac.uk> wrote: > > The file also has a bunch of email headers stuck in the middle of it: > > > ..... > > (QUALITY-OF-LIFE SCALE:1-5 4) > (ACADEMIC-EMPHASIS HEALTH-SCIENCE) > ) > ------- > ------- > > From LEBOWITZ at cs.columbia.edu Mon Feb 22 20:53:02 1988 > Received: from zodiac by meridian (5.52/4.7) > Received: from Jessica.Stanford.EDU by ads.com (5.58/1.9) > id AA04539; Mon, 22 Feb 88 20:59:59 PST > Received: from Portia.Stanford.EDU by jessica.Stanford.EDU with TCP; Mon, > 22 Feb > 88 20:58:22 PST > Received: from columbia.edu (COLUMBIA.EDU.ARPA) by Portia.STANFORD.EDU > (1.2/Ultrix2.0-B) > id AA11480; Mon, 22 Feb 88 20:49:53 pst > Received: from CS.COLUMBIA.EDU by columbia.edu (5.54/1.14) > id AA10186; Mon, 22 Feb 88 23:48:44 EST > Message-Id: <8802230448.AA10186 at columbia.edu> > Date: Fri 22 Jan 88 02:50:00-EST > From: The Mailer Daemon <Mailer at cs.columbia.edu> > To: LEBOWITZ at cs.columbia.edu > Subject: Message of 18-Jan-88 20:13:54 > Resent-Date: Mon 22 Feb 88 23:44:07-EST > Resent-From: Michael Lebowitz <LEBOWITZ at cs.columbia.edu> > Resent-To: souders at portia.stanford.edu > Resent-Message-Id: <12376918538.25.LEBOWITZ at CS.COLUMBIA.EDU> > Status: R > > Message undeliverable and dequeued after 3 days: > souders%meridian at ADS.ARPA: Cannot connect to host > ------------ > Date: Mon 18 Jan 88 20:13:54-EST > From: Michael Lebowitz <LEBOWITZ at CS.COLUMBIA.EDU> > Subject: bigger file part 3 > To: souders%meridian at ADS.ARPA > In-Reply-To: <8801182147.AA08014 at ADS.ARPA> > Message-ID: <12367705229.11.LEBOWITZ at CS.COLUMBIA.EDU> > > (DEF-INSTANCE GEORGETOWN > (STATE MARYLAND) > (LOCATION URBAN) > (CONTROL PRIVATE) > (NO-OF-STUDENTS THOUS:10-15) > (MALE:FEMALE RATIO:45:55) > .... > > Which dates it to 1988. Nice. > > Barry > > > > On Thu, Jan 18, 2018 at 9:20 AM, Peter Crowther <peter.crowther at melandra.com >> wrote: > >> That's a nice example of why Lisp is both powerful and terrifying - you're >> looking at a Lisp *program*, not just Lisp *data*, as Lisp makes no >> distinction between the two. You just read 'em in. >> >> The two definitions at the bottom are function definitions. The top one >> defines the def-instance function. Reading that indicates that it accepts >> an atom as a name and a list of key-value or key-range-value lists as >> properties, where they keys may be repeated to give you multi-valued >> attributes in your result. The bottom one defines a function for removing >> duplicate entries of the same location. >> >> The rest of the file (apart from the included email headers) is a whole >> load of calls to the def-instance function. In Lisp, you'd define the >> functions, then just run the rest of the file. >> >> To my knowledge, there is no generic way to read Lisp "data" into anything >> else, because of this quirk that data can look like anything. If anyone >> can correct me on that, great, but I'd be somewhat surprised. Therefore, >> as David intimated, the tools you need are generic tools for handling text, >> and you'll have to deal with the formatting yourself. If I were doing a >> one-off transform of this file, I'd probably reach for vi... but I'm an old >> Unix hacker. I certainly wouldn't teach that tooling. awk or perl could >> certainly handle it; or if you want to give students a wider view of the >> world you might wish to try ANTLR and get them to write a grammar to parse >> the file. The Clojure grammar ( >> https://github.com/antlr/grammars-v4/blob/master/clojure/Clojure.g4) would >> be an interesting place to start, although Terence Parr's comment of "match >> a bunch of crap in parentheses" would probably give a flavour of what to >> implement. Depends what else the students are learning. >> >> Hope this helps rather than hinders. >> >> - Peter >> >> On 18 January 2018 at 05:25, Ranjan Maitra <maitra at email.com> wrote: >> >>> Thanks! I am trying to use it in R. (Actually, I try to give my students >>> experiences with different kinds of files and I was wondering if there >> were >>> tools available for such kinds of files. I don't know Lisp so I do not >>> actually know what the lines towards the bottom of the file mean.( >>> >>> Many thanks for your response! >>> >>> Best wishes, >>> Ranjan >>> >>> On Wed, 17 Jan 2018 20:59:48 -0800 David Winsemius < >> dwinsemius at comcast.net> >>> wrote: >>> >>>> >>>>> On Jan 17, 2018, at 8:22 PM, Ranjan Maitra <maitra at email.com> wrote: >>>>> >>>>> Dear friends, >>>>> >>>>> Is there a way to read data files written in lisp into R? >>>>> >>>>> Here is the file: https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ >>> ml/machine-learning-databases/university/university.data >>>>> >>>>> I would like to read it into R. Any suggestions? >>>> >>>> It's just a text file. What difficulties are you having? >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> Thanks very much in advance for pointers on this and best wishes, >>>>> Ranjan >>>>> >>>>> -- >>>>> Important Notice: This mailbox is ignored: e-mails are set to be >>> deleted on receipt. Please respond to the mailing list if appropriate. >> For >>> those needing to send personal or professional e-mail, please use >>> appropriate addresses. >>>>> >>>>> ______________________________________________ >>>>> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see >>>>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help >>>>> PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/ >>> posting-guide.html >>>>> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. >>>> >>>> David Winsemius >>>> Alameda, CA, USA >>>> >>>> 'Any technology distinguishable from magic is insufficiently advanced.' >>> -Gehm's Corollary to Clarke's Third Law >>>> >>>> ______________________________________________ >>>> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see >>>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help >>>> PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/ >>> posting-guide.html >>>> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. >>>> >>> >>> >>> -- >>> Important Notice: This mailbox is ignored: e-mails are set to be deleted >>> on receipt. Please respond to the mailing list if appropriate. For those >>> needing to send personal or professional e-mail, please use appropriate >>> addresses. >>> >>> ______________________________________________ >>> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see >>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help >>> PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/ >>> posting-guide.html >>> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. >>> >> >> [[alternative HTML version deleted]] >> >> ______________________________________________ >> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see >> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help >> PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/ >> posting-guide.html >> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. >> > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > > ______________________________________________ > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.-- Peter Dalgaard, Professor, Center for Statistics, Copenhagen Business School Solbjerg Plads 3, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark Phone: (+45)38153501 Office: A 4.23 Email: pd.mes at cbs.dk Priv: PDalgd at gmail.com
Here are the beginning of a R program.
I hope it can help you writing the rest of the program.
Regards
Martin M. S. Pedersen
----
filename <- "university.data"
lines <- readLines(filename)
first <- T
for (ALine in lines) {
ALine <- sub("^ +","",ALine)
ALine <- sub(")","",ALine, fixed = T)
if (length(grep("def-instance", ALine))) {
if (first) {
first = F
}
else {
cat(paste(instance,state,control,no_of_students_thous,"\n", sep =
","))
}
instance <- sub("(def-instance ","",ALine, fixed = T)
next
}
if (length(grep("state ", ALine))) {
state <- sub("(state ","",ALine, fixed = T)
next
}
if (length(grep("control ", ALine))) {
control <- sub("(control ","", ALine, fixed = T)
next
}
if (length(grep("no-of-students thous:", ALine))) {
no_of_students_thous <- ALine
no_of_students_thous <- sub("(no-of-students thous:","",
ALine, fixed = T)
next
}
}
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
Thank you for your example. I have successfully modified it with regard to most fields. However, I think that am not going to be putting this out for my students. The class I am currently teaching is in multivariate statistics (both methods and applications, with R used for computing) and I use the opportunity to provide students with experience in handling different kinds of files. From what I can tell, this file is being read in using string operations and that is not peculiar to lisp code. Best wishes, Ranjan On Fri, 19 Jan 2018 02:38:42 +0100 Martin M?ller Skarbiniks Pedersen <traxplayer at gmail.com> wrote:> Here are the beginning of a R program. > I hope it can help you writing the rest of the program. > > Regards > Martin M. S. Pedersen > > ---- > > filename <- "university.data" > > > lines <- readLines(filename) > > first <- T > > for (ALine in lines) { > ALine <- sub("^ +","",ALine) > ALine <- sub(")","",ALine, fixed = T) > if (length(grep("def-instance", ALine))) { > if (first) { > first = F > } > else { > cat(paste(instance,state,control,no_of_students_thous,"\n", sep = ",")) > } > instance <- sub("(def-instance ","",ALine, fixed = T) > next > } > if (length(grep("state ", ALine))) { > state <- sub("(state ","",ALine, fixed = T) > next > } > if (length(grep("control ", ALine))) { > control <- sub("(control ","", ALine, fixed = T) > next > } > if (length(grep("no-of-students thous:", ALine))) { > no_of_students_thous <- ALine > no_of_students_thous <- sub("(no-of-students thous:","", ALine, fixed = T) > next > } > } > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > > ______________________________________________ > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. >-- Important Notice: This mailbox is ignored: e-mails are set to be deleted on receipt. Please respond to the mailing list if appropriate. For those needing to send personal or professional e-mail, please use appropriate addresses.