Dear All, I am running the mvProbit model to estimate five equation probit models. In my data all the dependent variables are dichotomous with values 0/1 and lables TRUE/FALSE. The explanatory variables are composed of catagorical and countinous variables. I specified the model as follows Result<-mvProbit( cbind(y1,y2,y3,y4,y5) ~ x1+x2+x3+......+.x11,data=mydata) summary(Result) However, i get an error message "...Error in mvProbit(cbind(y1,y2,y3,y4,y5) ~:all dependent variables must be either 0,1,TRUE, or FALSE) I have checked all the dependent variables and it is coded 0/1 and lables TRUE/FALSE. Ofcourse there are two missing observation and I attempted to handle that with na.action=na.omit but even that didnt solve the problem. My second attempt was to tell r that the dichotomous dependent variables and the catagorical independent variables as factor as follows mydata$y1<-factor(mydata$y1) ... ... .. . mydata$x3<-factor(mydata$x3) But still problem not solved. How would I solve this problem? Thank you! [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
Hi It shall work, I do not see any problem in the code. So you have to persuade us that you checked your data properly e.g. by posting result of str(mydata) Cheers Petr> -----Original Message----- > From: R-help [mailto:r-help-bounces at r-project.org] On Behalf Of Betty > Betty > Sent: Tuesday, February 23, 2016 9:37 AM > To: r-help at r-project.org > Subject: [R] mvProbit error message > > Dear All, > I am running the mvProbit model to estimate five equation probit > models. In my data all the dependent variables are dichotomous with > values 0/1 and lables TRUE/FALSE. The explanatory variables are > composed of catagorical and countinous variables. I specified the model > as follows > > Result<-mvProbit( cbind(y1,y2,y3,y4,y5) ~ > x1+x2+x3+......+.x11,data=mydata) > summary(Result) > > However, i get an error message "...Error in > mvProbit(cbind(y1,y2,y3,y4,y5) ~:all dependent variables must be either > 0,1,TRUE, or FALSE) > > I have checked all the dependent variables and it is coded 0/1 and > lables TRUE/FALSE. > Ofcourse there are two missing observation and I attempted to handle > that with na.action=na.omit but even that didnt solve the problem. My > second attempt was to tell r that the dichotomous dependent variables > and the catagorical independent variables as factor as follows > > mydata$y1<-factor(mydata$y1) > ... > ... > .. > . > mydata$x3<-factor(mydata$x3) > But still problem not solved. How would I solve this problem? > Thank you! > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > > ______________________________________________ > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting- > guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.________________________________ Tento e-mail a jak?koliv k n?mu p?ipojen? dokumenty jsou d?v?rn? a jsou ur?eny pouze jeho adres?t?m. Jestli?e jste obdr?el(a) tento e-mail omylem, informujte laskav? neprodlen? jeho odes?latele. Obsah tohoto emailu i s p??lohami a jeho kopie vyma?te ze sv?ho syst?mu. Nejste-li zam??len?m adres?tem tohoto emailu, nejste opr?vn?ni tento email jakkoliv u??vat, roz?i?ovat, kop?rovat ?i zve?ej?ovat. Odes?latel e-mailu neodpov?d? za eventu?ln? ?kodu zp?sobenou modifikacemi ?i zpo?d?n?m p?enosu e-mailu. V p??pad?, ?e je tento e-mail sou??st? obchodn?ho jedn?n?: - vyhrazuje si odes?latel pr?vo ukon?it kdykoliv jedn?n? o uzav?en? smlouvy, a to z jak?hokoliv d?vodu i bez uveden? d?vodu. - a obsahuje-li nab?dku, je adres?t opr?vn?n nab?dku bezodkladn? p?ijmout; Odes?latel tohoto e-mailu (nab?dky) vylu?uje p?ijet? nab?dky ze strany p??jemce s dodatkem ?i odchylkou. - trv? odes?latel na tom, ?e p??slu?n? smlouva je uzav?ena teprve v?slovn?m dosa?en?m shody na v?ech jej?ch n?le?itostech. - odes?latel tohoto emailu informuje, ?e nen? opr?vn?n uzav?rat za spole?nost ??dn? smlouvy s v?jimkou p??pad?, kdy k tomu byl p?semn? zmocn?n nebo p?semn? pov??en a takov? pov??en? nebo pln? moc byly adres?tovi tohoto emailu p??padn? osob?, kterou adres?t zastupuje, p?edlo?eny nebo jejich existence je adres?tovi ?i osob? j?m zastoupen? zn?m?. This e-mail and any documents attached to it may be confidential and are intended only for its intended recipients. If you received this e-mail by mistake, please immediately inform its sender. Delete the contents of this e-mail with all attachments and its copies from your system. If you are not the intended recipient of this e-mail, you are not authorized to use, disseminate, copy or disclose this e-mail in any manner. The sender of this e-mail shall not be liable for any possible damage caused by modifications of the e-mail or by delay with transfer of the email. In case that this e-mail forms part of business dealings: - the sender reserves the right to end negotiations about entering into a contract in any time, for any reason, and without stating any reasoning. - if the e-mail contains an offer, the recipient is entitled to immediately accept such offer; The sender of this e-mail (offer) excludes any acceptance of the offer on the part of the recipient containing any amendment or variation. - the sender insists on that the respective contract is concluded only upon an express mutual agreement on all its aspects. - the sender of this e-mail informs that he/she is not authorized to enter into any contracts on behalf of the company except for cases in which he/she is expressly authorized to do so in writing, and such authorization or power of attorney is submitted to the recipient or the person represented by the recipient, or the existence of such authorization is known to the recipient of the person represented by the recipient.
Hi Keep your reply to rhelp list. Others can come with better/more appropriate solution. Pardon me, but you used Result<-mvProbit( cbind(y1,y2,y3,y4,y5) ~ x1+x2+x3+......+.x11,data=mydata) but in mydata there are variables tree and nothing (according what you did tell us). So I am rather confused. Cheers Petr From: Betty Betty [mailto:aleminesh57 at gmail.com] Sent: Wednesday, February 24, 2016 9:55 AM To: PIKAL Petr Subject: Re: [R] mvProbit error message Thank you very much! I find the following out put 1. If I import the data with read.spss(....use.value.lables=FALSE) str(mydata) shows me: $ tree : atomic 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 ... ..- attr(*, "value.labels")= Named num 1 0 .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr "TRUE" "FALSE" $ nothing : atomic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ... ..- attr(*, "value.labels")= Named num 1 0 .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr "TRUE" "FALSE" . 2. If I import data with read.spss(....use.value.lables=TRUE) str(mydata) shows me: $ tree : Factor w/ 2 levels "FALSE","TRUE": 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 ... $ nothing : Factor w/ 2 levels "FALSE","TRUE": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 ... regards On Tue, Feb 23, 2016 at 3:53 PM, PIKAL Petr <petr.pikal at precheza.cz<mailto:petr.pikal at precheza.cz>> wrote: Hi It shall work, I do not see any problem in the code. So you have to persuade us that you checked your data properly e.g. by posting result of str(mydata) Cheers Petr> -----Original Message----- > From: R-help [mailto:r-help-bounces at r-project.org<mailto:r-help-bounces at r-project.org>] On Behalf Of Betty > Betty > Sent: Tuesday, February 23, 2016 9:37 AM > To: r-help at r-project.org<mailto:r-help at r-project.org> > Subject: [R] mvProbit error message > > Dear All, > I am running the mvProbit model to estimate five equation probit > models. In my data all the dependent variables are dichotomous with > values 0/1 and lables TRUE/FALSE. The explanatory variables are > composed of catagorical and countinous variables. I specified the model > as follows > > Result<-mvProbit( cbind(y1,y2,y3,y4,y5) ~ > x1+x2+x3+......+.x11,data=mydata) > summary(Result) > > However, i get an error message "...Error in > mvProbit(cbind(y1,y2,y3,y4,y5) ~:all dependent variables must be either > 0,1,TRUE, or FALSE) > > I have checked all the dependent variables and it is coded 0/1 and > lables TRUE/FALSE. > Ofcourse there are two missing observation and I attempted to handle > that with na.action=na.omit but even that didnt solve the problem. My > second attempt was to tell r that the dichotomous dependent variables > and the catagorical independent variables as factor as follows > > mydata$y1<-factor(mydata$y1) > ... > ... > .. > . > mydata$x3<-factor(mydata$x3) > But still problem not solved. How would I solve this problem? > Thank you! > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > > ______________________________________________ > R-help at r-project.org<mailto:R-help at r-project.org> mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting- > guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.________________________________ Tento e-mail a jak?koliv k n?mu p?ipojen? dokumenty jsou d?v?rn? a jsou ur?eny pouze jeho adres?t?m. Jestli?e jste obdr?el(a) tento e-mail omylem, informujte laskav? neprodlen? jeho odes?latele. Obsah tohoto emailu i s p??lohami a jeho kopie vyma?te ze sv?ho syst?mu. Nejste-li zam??len?m adres?tem tohoto emailu, nejste opr?vn?ni tento email jakkoliv u??vat, roz?i?ovat, kop?rovat ?i zve?ej?ovat. Odes?latel e-mailu neodpov?d? za eventu?ln? ?kodu zp?sobenou modifikacemi ?i zpo?d?n?m p?enosu e-mailu. V p??pad?, ?e je tento e-mail sou??st? obchodn?ho jedn?n?: - vyhrazuje si odes?latel pr?vo ukon?it kdykoliv jedn?n? o uzav?en? smlouvy, a to z jak?hokoliv d?vodu i bez uveden? d?vodu. - a obsahuje-li nab?dku, je adres?t opr?vn?n nab?dku bezodkladn? p?ijmout; Odes?latel tohoto e-mailu (nab?dky) vylu?uje p?ijet? nab?dky ze strany p??jemce s dodatkem ?i odchylkou. - trv? odes?latel na tom, ?e p??slu?n? smlouva je uzav?ena teprve v?slovn?m dosa?en?m shody na v?ech jej?ch n?le?itostech. - odes?latel tohoto emailu informuje, ?e nen? opr?vn?n uzav?rat za spole?nost ??dn? smlouvy s v?jimkou p??pad?, kdy k tomu byl p?semn? zmocn?n nebo p?semn? pov??en a takov? pov??en? nebo pln? moc byly adres?tovi tohoto emailu p??padn? osob?, kterou adres?t zastupuje, p?edlo?eny nebo jejich existence je adres?tovi ?i osob? j?m zastoupen? zn?m?. This e-mail and any documents attached to it may be confidential and are intended only for its intended recipients. If you received this e-mail by mistake, please immediately inform its sender. Delete the contents of this e-mail with all attachments and its copies from your system. If you are not the intended recipient of this e-mail, you are not authorized to use, disseminate, copy or disclose this e-mail in any manner. The sender of this e-mail shall not be liable for any possible damage caused by modifications of the e-mail or by delay with transfer of the email. In case that this e-mail forms part of business dealings: - the sender reserves the right to end negotiations about entering into a contract in any time, for any reason, and without stating any reasoning. - if the e-mail contains an offer, the recipient is entitled to immediately accept such offer; The sender of this e-mail (offer) excludes any acceptance of the offer on the part of the recipient containing any amendment or variation. - the sender insists on that the respective contract is concluded only upon an express mutual agreement on all its aspects. - the sender of this e-mail informs that he/she is not authorized to enter into any contracts on behalf of the company except for cases in which he/she is expressly authorized to do so in writing, and such authorization or power of attorney is submitted to the recipient or the person represented by the recipient, or the existence of such authorization is known to the recipient of the person represented by the recipient. ________________________________ Tento e-mail a jak?koliv k n?mu p?ipojen? dokumenty jsou d?v?rn? a jsou ur?eny pouze jeho adres?t?m. Jestli?e jste obdr?el(a) tento e-mail omylem, informujte laskav? neprodlen? jeho odes?latele. Obsah tohoto emailu i s p??lohami a jeho kopie vyma?te ze sv?ho syst?mu. Nejste-li zam??len?m adres?tem tohoto emailu, nejste opr?vn?ni tento email jakkoliv u??vat, roz?i?ovat, kop?rovat ?i zve?ej?ovat. Odes?latel e-mailu neodpov?d? za eventu?ln? ?kodu zp?sobenou modifikacemi ?i zpo?d?n?m p?enosu e-mailu. V p??pad?, ?e je tento e-mail sou??st? obchodn?ho jedn?n?: - vyhrazuje si odes?latel pr?vo ukon?it kdykoliv jedn?n? o uzav?en? smlouvy, a to z jak?hokoliv d?vodu i bez uveden? d?vodu. - a obsahuje-li nab?dku, je adres?t opr?vn?n nab?dku bezodkladn? p?ijmout; Odes?latel tohoto e-mailu (nab?dky) vylu?uje p?ijet? nab?dky ze strany p??jemce s dodatkem ?i odchylkou. - trv? odes?latel na tom, ?e p??slu?n? smlouva je uzav?ena teprve v?slovn?m dosa?en?m shody na v?ech jej?ch n?le?itostech. - odes?latel tohoto emailu informuje, ?e nen? opr?vn?n uzav?rat za spole?nost ??dn? smlouvy s v?jimkou p??pad?, kdy k tomu byl p?semn? zmocn?n nebo p?semn? pov??en a takov? pov??en? nebo pln? moc byly adres?tovi tohoto emailu p??padn? osob?, kterou adres?t zastupuje, p?edlo?eny nebo jejich existence je adres?tovi ?i osob? j?m zastoupen? zn?m?. This e-mail and any documents attached to it may be confidential and are intended only for its intended recipients. If you received this e-mail by mistake, please immediately inform its sender. Delete the contents of this e-mail with all attachments and its copies from your system. If you are not the intended recipient of this e-mail, you are not authorized to use, disseminate, copy or disclose this e-mail in any manner. The sender of this e-mail shall not be liable for any possible damage caused by modifications of the e-mail or by delay with transfer of the email. In case that this e-mail forms part of business dealings: - the sender reserves the right to end negotiations about entering into a contract in any time, for any reason, and without stating any reasoning. - if the e-mail contains an offer, the recipient is entitled to immediately accept such offer; The sender of this e-mail (offer) excludes any acceptance of the offer on the part of the recipient containing any amendment or variation. - the sender insists on that the respective contract is concluded only upon an express mutual agreement on all its aspects. - the sender of this e-mail informs that he/she is not authorized to enter into any contracts on behalf of the company except for cases in which he/she is expressly authorized to do so in writing, and such authorization or power of attorney is submitted to the recipient or the person represented by the recipient, or the existence of such authorization is known to the recipient of the person represented by the recipient. [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
sorry for the confusion. I used y1,y2,.... instead of the real variable names just for emailing purpose (to forward my question in a more clear way). Tree, nothing...are the real variable names in my data set and i actually used Result<-myProbit(cbind(tree,nothing....)~x1+x2......,data=mydata) On Wed, Feb 24, 2016 at 10:02 AM, PIKAL Petr <petr.pikal at precheza.cz> wrote:> Hi > > > > Keep your reply to rhelp list. Others can come with better/more > appropriate solution. > > > > Pardon me, but you used > > > > Result<-mvProbit( cbind(y1,y2,y3,y4,y5) ~ x1+x2+x3+......+.x11,data=mydata) > > > > but in mydata there are variables tree and nothing (according what you did > tell us). > > > > So I am rather confused. > > > > Cheers > > Petr > > > > *From:* Betty Betty [mailto:aleminesh57 at gmail.com] > *Sent:* Wednesday, February 24, 2016 9:55 AM > *To:* PIKAL Petr > *Subject:* Re: [R] mvProbit error message > > > > Thank you very much! > > I find the following out put > > 1. If I import the data with read.spss(....use.value.lables=FALSE) > str(mydata) shows me: > > > > $ tree : atomic 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 ... > > ..- attr(*, "value.labels")= Named num 1 0 > > .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr "TRUE" "FALSE" > > $ nothing : atomic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ... > > ..- attr(*, "value.labels")= Named num 1 0 > > .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr "TRUE" "FALSE" > > . > > 2. If I import data with read.spss(....use.value.lables=TRUE) > str(mydata) > > shows me: > > > > > > $ tree : Factor w/ 2 levels "FALSE","TRUE": 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 > ... > > $ nothing : Factor w/ 2 levels "FALSE","TRUE": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 > ... > > regards > > > > On Tue, Feb 23, 2016 at 3:53 PM, PIKAL Petr <petr.pikal at precheza.cz> > wrote: > > Hi > > It shall work, I do not see any problem in the code. So you have to > persuade us that you checked your data properly e.g. by posting result of > > str(mydata) > > Cheers > Petr > > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: R-help [mailto:r-help-bounces at r-project.org] On Behalf Of Betty > > Betty > > Sent: Tuesday, February 23, 2016 9:37 AM > > To: r-help at r-project.org > > Subject: [R] mvProbit error message > > > > Dear All, > > I am running the mvProbit model to estimate five equation probit > > models. In my data all the dependent variables are dichotomous with > > values 0/1 and lables TRUE/FALSE. The explanatory variables are > > composed of catagorical and countinous variables. I specified the model > > as follows > > > > Result<-mvProbit( cbind(y1,y2,y3,y4,y5) ~ > > x1+x2+x3+......+.x11,data=mydata) > > summary(Result) > > > > However, i get an error message "...Error in > > mvProbit(cbind(y1,y2,y3,y4,y5) ~:all dependent variables must be either > > 0,1,TRUE, or FALSE) > > > > I have checked all the dependent variables and it is coded 0/1 and > > lables TRUE/FALSE. > > Ofcourse there are two missing observation and I attempted to handle > > that with na.action=na.omit but even that didnt solve the problem. My > > second attempt was to tell r that the dichotomous dependent variables > > and the catagorical independent variables as factor as follows > > > > mydata$y1<-factor(mydata$y1) > > ... > > ... > > .. > > . > > mydata$x3<-factor(mydata$x3) > > But still problem not solved. How would I solve this problem? > > Thank you! > > > > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > > > > ______________________________________________ > > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting- > > guide.html > > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. > > ________________________________ > Tento e-mail a jak?koliv k n?mu p?ipojen? dokumenty jsou d?v?rn? a jsou > ur?eny pouze jeho adres?t?m. > Jestli?e jste obdr?el(a) tento e-mail omylem, informujte laskav? > neprodlen? jeho odes?latele. Obsah tohoto emailu i s p??lohami a jeho kopie > vyma?te ze sv?ho syst?mu. > Nejste-li zam??len?m adres?tem tohoto emailu, nejste opr?vn?ni tento email > jakkoliv u??vat, roz?i?ovat, kop?rovat ?i zve?ej?ovat. > Odes?latel e-mailu neodpov?d? za eventu?ln? ?kodu zp?sobenou modifikacemi > ?i zpo?d?n?m p?enosu e-mailu. > > V p??pad?, ?e je tento e-mail sou??st? obchodn?ho jedn?n?: > - vyhrazuje si odes?latel pr?vo ukon?it kdykoliv jedn?n? o uzav?en? > smlouvy, a to z jak?hokoliv d?vodu i bez uveden? d?vodu. > - a obsahuje-li nab?dku, je adres?t opr?vn?n nab?dku bezodkladn? p?ijmout; > Odes?latel tohoto e-mailu (nab?dky) vylu?uje p?ijet? nab?dky ze strany > p??jemce s dodatkem ?i odchylkou. > - trv? odes?latel na tom, ?e p??slu?n? smlouva je uzav?ena teprve > v?slovn?m dosa?en?m shody na v?ech jej?ch n?le?itostech. > - odes?latel tohoto emailu informuje, ?e nen? opr?vn?n uzav?rat za > spole?nost ??dn? smlouvy s v?jimkou p??pad?, kdy k tomu byl p?semn? zmocn?n > nebo p?semn? pov??en a takov? pov??en? nebo pln? moc byly adres?tovi tohoto > emailu p??padn? osob?, kterou adres?t zastupuje, p?edlo?eny nebo jejich > existence je adres?tovi ?i osob? j?m zastoupen? zn?m?. > > This e-mail and any documents attached to it may be confidential and are > intended only for its intended recipients. > If you received this e-mail by mistake, please immediately inform its > sender. Delete the contents of this e-mail with all attachments and its > copies from your system. > If you are not the intended recipient of this e-mail, you are not > authorized to use, disseminate, copy or disclose this e-mail in any manner. > The sender of this e-mail shall not be liable for any possible damage > caused by modifications of the e-mail or by delay with transfer of the > email. > > In case that this e-mail forms part of business dealings: > - the sender reserves the right to end negotiations about entering into a > contract in any time, for any reason, and without stating any reasoning. > - if the e-mail contains an offer, the recipient is entitled to > immediately accept such offer; The sender of this e-mail (offer) excludes > any acceptance of the offer on the part of the recipient containing any > amendment or variation. > - the sender insists on that the respective contract is concluded only > upon an express mutual agreement on all its aspects. > - the sender of this e-mail informs that he/she is not authorized to enter > into any contracts on behalf of the company except for cases in which > he/she is expressly authorized to do so in writing, and such authorization > or power of attorney is submitted to the recipient or the person > represented by the recipient, or the existence of such authorization is > known to the recipient of the person represented by the recipient. > > > > ------------------------------ > Tento e-mail a jak?koliv k n?mu p?ipojen? dokumenty jsou d?v?rn? a jsou > ur?eny pouze jeho adres?t?m. > Jestli?e jste obdr?el(a) tento e-mail omylem, informujte laskav? > neprodlen? jeho odes?latele. Obsah tohoto emailu i s p??lohami a jeho kopie > vyma?te ze sv?ho syst?mu. > Nejste-li zam??len?m adres?tem tohoto emailu, nejste opr?vn?ni tento email > jakkoliv u??vat, roz?i?ovat, kop?rovat ?i zve?ej?ovat. > Odes?latel e-mailu neodpov?d? za eventu?ln? ?kodu zp?sobenou modifikacemi > ?i zpo?d?n?m p?enosu e-mailu. > > V p??pad?, ?e je tento e-mail sou??st? obchodn?ho jedn?n?: > - vyhrazuje si odes?latel pr?vo ukon?it kdykoliv jedn?n? o uzav?en? > smlouvy, a to z jak?hokoliv d?vodu i bez uveden? d?vodu. > - a obsahuje-li nab?dku, je adres?t opr?vn?n nab?dku bezodkladn? p?ijmout; > Odes?latel tohoto e-mailu (nab?dky) vylu?uje p?ijet? nab?dky ze strany > p??jemce s dodatkem ?i odchylkou. > - trv? odes?latel na tom, ?e p??slu?n? smlouva je uzav?ena teprve > v?slovn?m dosa?en?m shody na v?ech jej?ch n?le?itostech. > - odes?latel tohoto emailu informuje, ?e nen? opr?vn?n uzav?rat za > spole?nost ??dn? smlouvy s v?jimkou p??pad?, kdy k tomu byl p?semn? zmocn?n > nebo p?semn? pov??en a takov? pov??en? nebo pln? moc byly adres?tovi tohoto > emailu p??padn? osob?, kterou adres?t zastupuje, p?edlo?eny nebo jejich > existence je adres?tovi ?i osob? j?m zastoupen? zn?m?. > > This e-mail and any documents attached to it may be confidential and are > intended only for its intended recipients. > If you received this e-mail by mistake, please immediately inform its > sender. Delete the contents of this e-mail with all attachments and its > copies from your system. > If you are not the intended recipient of this e-mail, you are not > authorized to use, disseminate, copy or disclose this e-mail in any manner. > The sender of this e-mail shall not be liable for any possible damage > caused by modifications of the e-mail or by delay with transfer of the > email. > > In case that this e-mail forms part of business dealings: > - the sender reserves the right to end negotiations about entering into a > contract in any time, for any reason, and without stating any reasoning. > - if the e-mail contains an offer, the recipient is entitled to > immediately accept such offer; The sender of this e-mail (offer) excludes > any acceptance of the offer on the part of the recipient containing any > amendment or variation. > - the sender insists on that the respective contract is concluded only > upon an express mutual agreement on all its aspects. > - the sender of this e-mail informs that he/she is not authorized to enter > into any contracts on behalf of the company except for cases in which > he/she is expressly authorized to do so in writing, and such authorization > or power of attorney is submitted to the recipient or the person > represented by the recipient, or the existence of such authorization is > known to the recipient of the person represented by the recipient. >[[alternative HTML version deleted]]