I'm running linear regressions and ANOVAs on 5 sets of compositional data following van den Boogaart and Tolosana-Delgado's book, pp. 129 ff. Four of the five data sets compute without error; one does not. To test results, load package 'compositions'. The input data: <for Y> structure(c(0.18968103189681, 0.0619, 0.0875, 0.102910291029103, 0.1023, 0.482751724827517, 0.5773, 0.7125, 0.5000500050005, 0.5795, 0.068993100689931, 0.0309, 0.0125, 0.0882088208820882, 0.0341, 0.206879312068793, 0.2371, 0.1125, 0.235323532353235, 0.2614, 0.0516948305169483, 0.0928, 0.075, 0.0735073507350735, 0.0227 ), .Dim = c(5L, 5L), .Dimnames = list(NULL, c("Fi", "Ga", "Gr", "Pr", "Sh")), class = "acomp") <for X> c(0.31, 0.31, 0.21, 2, 0.31) Regression model: ( model <- lm(ilr(Y) ~ log(X)) ) Convert back from ILR to original units: ( orig <- ilrInv(coef(model),orig=Y) ) Then run the ANOVA: ( analvar <- anova(model) ) The result displayed is: Error in anova.mlm(model) : residuals have rank 3 < 4 A Web search found a nabble thread from 2012 but that was related to using the spephical model, not the Pillai model. I do not see differences between the number of columns in the Y and X variables in the different data sets that might throw that error. What might be the cause and is there anything I can do to test the variable for significance? Rich