I'm puzzled why gzfile (which the spec says the default mode is "rb") shows mode="rb" but text="text" from summary when it is in lazy state: cc <- gzfile("ll.rds") cc <- gzfile("ll.rds") > summary(cc) summary(cc) $description [1] "ll.rds" $class [1] "gzfile" $mode [1] "rb" $text [1] "text" $opened [1] "closed"