Hello, I have a data set with a grouping variable (TRIPID) and several other variables. TRIPID is repeated in some areas and I would like to use a function like aggregate to sum the variable UNITS according to TRIPID. However I would also like to retain the other variables as they are in the data set with the new summed TRIPID. So what I have is something like this: YEAR MONTH DAY CONTINUE SPL AREA COUNTY DEPTH DEPUNIT GEAR GEAR2 TRAPS SOAKTIME UNITS FACTOR DISPOSIT NUMSETS TRIPST TRIPID 1992 1 26 1 SP0073928 8 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA NA 161 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399054 1992 1 26 1 SP0073928 8 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA NA 8 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399054 1992 1 26 2 SP0004228 8 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA NA 161 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399054 1992 1 26 2 SP0004228 8 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA NA 8 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399054 1992 1 25 NA SP0052652 8 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA NA 85 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399057 1992 1 26 NA SP0037940 8 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA NA 70 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399058 1992 1 27 NA SP0072357 8 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA NA 15 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399059 1992 1 27 NA SP0072357 8 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA NA 20 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399059 1992 1 27 NA SP0026324 8 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA NA 8 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399060 1992 1 28 1 SP0072357 8 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA NA 200 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399062 And what I want is this: YEAR MONTH DAY CONTINUE SPL AREA COUNTY DEPTH DEPUNIT GEAR GEAR2 TRAPS SOAKTIME UNITS FACTOR DISPOSIT NUMSETS TRIPST TRIPID 1992 1 26 1 SP0073928 8 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA NA 338 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399054 1992 1 25 NA SP0052652 8 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA NA 85 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399057 1992 1 26 NA SP0037940 8 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA NA 70 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399058 1992 1 27 NA SP0072357 8 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA NA 35 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399059 1992 1 27 NA SP0026324 8 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA NA 8 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399060 1992 1 28 1 SP0072357 8 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA NA 200 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399062 Does anyone know how to do this. Data file is attached. Thanks in advance Cameron Guenther, Ph.D. Associate Research Scientist FWC/FWRI, Marine Fisheries Research 100 8th Avenue S.E. St. Petersburg, FL 33701 (727)896-8626 Ext. 4305 cameron.guenther@myfwc.com [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
Suppose we want to sum C over levels of A and that B is constant
within levels of A. Then:
DF <- data.frame(A = gl(2,2), B = gl(2,2), C = 1:4) # test data
do.call("rbind", by(DF, DF$A, function(x) replace(x[1,],
"C", sum(x$C))))
On 5/3/06, Guenther, Cameron <Cameron.Guenther at myfwc.com>
wrote:> Hello,
>
> I have a data set with a grouping variable (TRIPID) and several other
> variables. TRIPID is repeated in some areas and I would like to use a
> function like aggregate to sum the variable UNITS according to TRIPID.
> However I would also like to retain the other variables as they are in
> the data set with the new summed TRIPID.
>
> So what I have is something like this:
>
> YEAR MONTH DAY CONTINUE SPL AREA COUNTY DEPTH
> DEPUNIT GEAR GEAR2 TRAPS SOAKTIME UNITS FACTOR DISPOSIT
> NUMSETS TRIPST TRIPID
> 1992 1 26 1 SP0073928 8
> 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA
> NA 161 1 NA NA
> NA 0216 3399054 1992 1 26
> 1 SP0073928 8 25 4 NA
> 1000000 NA NA NA 8
> 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399054
> 1992 1 26 2 SP0004228 8
> 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA
> NA 161 1 NA NA
> NA 0216 3399054 1992 1 26
> 2 SP0004228 8 25 4 NA
> 1000000 NA NA NA 8
> 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399054
> 1992 1 25 NA SP0052652 8
> 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA
> NA 85 1 NA NA
> NA 0216 3399057 1992 1 26
> NA SP0037940 8 25 4 NA
> 1000000 NA NA NA 70
> 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399058
> 1992 1 27 NA SP0072357 8
> 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA
> NA 15 1 NA NA
> NA 0216 3399059
> 1992 1 27 NA SP0072357 8
> 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA
> NA 20 1 NA NA
> NA 0216 3399059 1992 1 27
> NA SP0026324 8 25 4 NA
> 1000000 NA NA NA 8
> 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399060
> 1992 1 28 1 SP0072357 8
> 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA
> NA 200 1 NA NA
> NA 0216 3399062
>
> And what I want is this:
>
> YEAR MONTH DAY CONTINUE SPL AREA COUNTY DEPTH
> DEPUNIT GEAR GEAR2 TRAPS SOAKTIME UNITS FACTOR DISPOSIT
> NUMSETS TRIPST TRIPID
> 1992 1 26 1 SP0073928 8
> 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA
> NA 338 1 NA NA
> NA 0216 3399054 1992 1 25
> NA SP0052652 8 25 4 NA
> 1000000 NA NA NA 85
> 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399057
> 1992 1 26 NA SP0037940 8
> 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA
> NA 70 1 NA NA
> NA 0216 3399058
> 1992 1 27 NA SP0072357 8
> 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA
> NA 35 1 NA NA
> NA 0216 3399059
> 1992 1 27 NA SP0026324 8
> 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA
> NA 8 1 NA NA
> NA 0216 3399060
> 1992 1 28 1 SP0072357 8
> 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA
> NA 200 1 NA NA
> NA 0216 3399062
>
>
> Does anyone know how to do this. Data file is attached.
> Thanks in advance
>
> Cameron Guenther, Ph.D.
> Associate Research Scientist
> FWC/FWRI, Marine Fisheries Research
> 100 8th Avenue S.E.
> St. Petersburg, FL 33701
> (727)896-8626 Ext. 4305
> cameron.guenther at myfwc.com
>
> [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
>
> ______________________________________________
> R-help at stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> PLEASE do read the posting guide!
http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
>
I am moving this from r-help to r-devel. The poster pointed out to me that my solution works in 2.2.1 but not in 2.3.0 patched. Does anyone know what the problem is?> # 2.3.0 patched -- gives error > DF <- data.frame(A = gl(2,2), B = gl(2,2), C = 1:4) # test data > out.by <- by(DF, DF$A, function(x) replace(x[1,], "C", sum(x$C))) > do.call(rbind, out.by)Error in data.frame(A = c("1", "2"), B = c("1", "2"), C = c("3", "7"), : row names contain missing values> R.version.string # Windows XP[1] "Version 2.3.0 Patched (2006-04-28 r37936)"> # 2.3.1 -- works ok > DF <- data.frame(A = gl(2,2), B = gl(2,2), C = 1:4) # test data > out.by <- by(DF, DF$A, function(x) replace(x[1,], "C", sum(x$C))) > do.call(rbind, out.by)A B C 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 7> R.version.string # Windows XP[1] "R version 2.2.1, 2005-12-20" On 5/3/06, Gabor Grothendieck <ggrothendieck at gmail.com> wrote:> Suppose we want to sum C over levels of A and that B is constant > within levels of A. Then: > > DF <- data.frame(A = gl(2,2), B = gl(2,2), C = 1:4) # test data > do.call("rbind", by(DF, DF$A, function(x) replace(x[1,], "C", sum(x$C)))) > > > > On 5/3/06, Guenther, Cameron <Cameron.Guenther at myfwc.com> wrote: > > Hello, > > > > I have a data set with a grouping variable (TRIPID) and several other > > variables. TRIPID is repeated in some areas and I would like to use a > > function like aggregate to sum the variable UNITS according to TRIPID. > > However I would also like to retain the other variables as they are in > > the data set with the new summed TRIPID. > > > > So what I have is something like this: > > > > YEAR MONTH DAY CONTINUE SPL AREA COUNTY DEPTH > > DEPUNIT GEAR GEAR2 TRAPS SOAKTIME UNITS FACTOR DISPOSIT > > NUMSETS TRIPST TRIPID > > 1992 1 26 1 SP0073928 8 > > 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > > NA 161 1 NA NA > > NA 0216 3399054 1992 1 26 > > 1 SP0073928 8 25 4 NA > > 1000000 NA NA NA 8 > > 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399054 > > 1992 1 26 2 SP0004228 8 > > 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > > NA 161 1 NA NA > > NA 0216 3399054 1992 1 26 > > 2 SP0004228 8 25 4 NA > > 1000000 NA NA NA 8 > > 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399054 > > 1992 1 25 NA SP0052652 8 > > 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > > NA 85 1 NA NA > > NA 0216 3399057 1992 1 26 > > NA SP0037940 8 25 4 NA > > 1000000 NA NA NA 70 > > 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399058 > > 1992 1 27 NA SP0072357 8 > > 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > > NA 15 1 NA NA > > NA 0216 3399059 > > 1992 1 27 NA SP0072357 8 > > 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > > NA 20 1 NA NA > > NA 0216 3399059 1992 1 27 > > NA SP0026324 8 25 4 NA > > 1000000 NA NA NA 8 > > 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399060 > > 1992 1 28 1 SP0072357 8 > > 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > > NA 200 1 NA NA > > NA 0216 3399062 > > > > And what I want is this: > > > > YEAR MONTH DAY CONTINUE SPL AREA COUNTY DEPTH > > DEPUNIT GEAR GEAR2 TRAPS SOAKTIME UNITS FACTOR DISPOSIT > > NUMSETS TRIPST TRIPID > > 1992 1 26 1 SP0073928 8 > > 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > > NA 338 1 NA NA > > NA 0216 3399054 1992 1 25 > > NA SP0052652 8 25 4 NA > > 1000000 NA NA NA 85 > > 1 NA NA NA 0216 3399057 > > 1992 1 26 NA SP0037940 8 > > 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > > NA 70 1 NA NA > > NA 0216 3399058 > > 1992 1 27 NA SP0072357 8 > > 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > > NA 35 1 NA NA > > NA 0216 3399059 > > 1992 1 27 NA SP0026324 8 > > 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > > NA 8 1 NA NA > > NA 0216 3399060 > > 1992 1 28 1 SP0072357 8 > > 25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > > NA 200 1 NA NA > > NA 0216 3399062 > > > > > > Does anyone know how to do this. Data file is attached. > > Thanks in advance > > > > Cameron Guenther, Ph.D. > > Associate Research Scientist > > FWC/FWRI, Marine Fisheries Research > > 100 8th Avenue S.E. > > St. Petersburg, FL 33701 > > (727)896-8626 Ext. 4305 > > cameron.guenther at myfwc.com > > > > [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > > > > ______________________________________________ > > R-help at stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list > > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > > PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > > >
This was fixed fairly recently in 2.3.0 patched. It works in SVN revision 37953. -roger Gabor Grothendieck wrote:> I am moving this from r-help to r-devel. > > The poster pointed out to me that my solution works in 2.2.1 but not > in 2.3.0 patched. Does anyone know what the problem is? > > >># 2.3.0 patched -- gives error >>DF <- data.frame(A = gl(2,2), B = gl(2,2), C = 1:4) # test data >>out.by <- by(DF, DF$A, function(x) replace(x[1,], "C", sum(x$C))) >>do.call(rbind, out.by) > > Error in data.frame(A = c("1", "2"), B = c("1", "2"), C = c("3", "7"), : > row names contain missing values > >>R.version.string # Windows XP > > [1] "Version 2.3.0 Patched (2006-04-28 r37936)" > > >># 2.3.1 -- works ok >>DF <- data.frame(A = gl(2,2), B = gl(2,2), C = 1:4) # test data >>out.by <- by(DF, DF$A, function(x) replace(x[1,], "C", sum(x$C))) >>do.call(rbind, out.by) > > A B C > 1 1 1 3 > 2 2 2 7 > >>R.version.string # Windows XP > > [1] "R version 2.2.1, 2005-12-20" > > On 5/3/06, Gabor Grothendieck <ggrothendieck at gmail.com> wrote: > >>Suppose we want to sum C over levels of A and that B is constant >>within levels of A. Then: >> >>DF <- data.frame(A = gl(2,2), B = gl(2,2), C = 1:4) # test data >>do.call("rbind", by(DF, DF$A, function(x) replace(x[1,], "C", sum(x$C)))) >> >> >> >>On 5/3/06, Guenther, Cameron <Cameron.Guenther at myfwc.com> wrote: >> >>>Hello, >>> >>>I have a data set with a grouping variable (TRIPID) and several other >>>variables. TRIPID is repeated in some areas and I would like to use a >>>function like aggregate to sum the variable UNITS according to TRIPID. >>>However I would also like to retain the other variables as they are in >>>the data set with the new summed TRIPID. >>> >>>So what I have is something like this: >>> >>>YEAR MONTH DAY CONTINUE SPL AREA COUNTY DEPTH >>>DEPUNIT GEAR GEAR2 TRAPS SOAKTIME UNITS FACTOR DISPOSIT >>>NUMSETS TRIPST TRIPID >>>1992 1 26 1 SP0073928 8 >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA >>>NA 161 1 NA NA >>>NA 0216 3399054 1992 1 26 >>>1 SP0073928 8 25 4 NA >>>1000000 NA NA NA 8 >>>1 NA NA NA 0216 3399054 >>>1992 1 26 2 SP0004228 8 >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA >>>NA 161 1 NA NA >>>NA 0216 3399054 1992 1 26 >>>2 SP0004228 8 25 4 NA >>>1000000 NA NA NA 8 >>>1 NA NA NA 0216 3399054 >>>1992 1 25 NA SP0052652 8 >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA >>>NA 85 1 NA NA >>>NA 0216 3399057 1992 1 26 >>>NA SP0037940 8 25 4 NA >>>1000000 NA NA NA 70 >>>1 NA NA NA 0216 3399058 >>>1992 1 27 NA SP0072357 8 >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA >>>NA 15 1 NA NA >>>NA 0216 3399059 >>>1992 1 27 NA SP0072357 8 >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA >>>NA 20 1 NA NA >>>NA 0216 3399059 1992 1 27 >>>NA SP0026324 8 25 4 NA >>>1000000 NA NA NA 8 >>>1 NA NA NA 0216 3399060 >>>1992 1 28 1 SP0072357 8 >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA >>>NA 200 1 NA NA >>>NA 0216 3399062 >>> >>>And what I want is this: >>> >>>YEAR MONTH DAY CONTINUE SPL AREA COUNTY DEPTH >>>DEPUNIT GEAR GEAR2 TRAPS SOAKTIME UNITS FACTOR DISPOSIT >>>NUMSETS TRIPST TRIPID >>>1992 1 26 1 SP0073928 8 >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA >>>NA 338 1 NA NA >>>NA 0216 3399054 1992 1 25 >>>NA SP0052652 8 25 4 NA >>>1000000 NA NA NA 85 >>>1 NA NA NA 0216 3399057 >>>1992 1 26 NA SP0037940 8 >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA >>>NA 70 1 NA NA >>>NA 0216 3399058 >>>1992 1 27 NA SP0072357 8 >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA >>>NA 35 1 NA NA >>>NA 0216 3399059 >>>1992 1 27 NA SP0026324 8 >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA >>>NA 8 1 NA NA >>>NA 0216 3399060 >>>1992 1 28 1 SP0072357 8 >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA >>>NA 200 1 NA NA >>>NA 0216 3399062 >>> >>> >>>Does anyone know how to do this. Data file is attached. >>>Thanks in advance >>> >>>Cameron Guenther, Ph.D. >>>Associate Research Scientist >>>FWC/FWRI, Marine Fisheries Research >>>100 8th Avenue S.E. >>>St. Petersburg, FL 33701 >>>(727)896-8626 Ext. 4305 >>>cameron.guenther at myfwc.com >>> >>> [[alternative HTML version deleted]] >>> >>>______________________________________________ >>>R-help at stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list >>>https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help >>>PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html >>> >> > > ______________________________________________ > R-devel at r-project.org mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel >-- Roger D. Peng | http://www.biostat.jhsph.edu/~rpeng/
I guess there is no Windows binary for that version yet since I downloaded the most recent Windows binary off CRAN a minute before I tried it. On 5/3/06, Roger Peng <rpeng at jhsph.edu> wrote:> This was fixed fairly recently in 2.3.0 patched. It works in SVN > revision 37953. > > -roger > > Gabor Grothendieck wrote: > > I am moving this from r-help to r-devel. > > > > The poster pointed out to me that my solution works in 2.2.1 but not > > in 2.3.0 patched. Does anyone know what the problem is? > > > > > >># 2.3.0 patched -- gives error > >>DF <- data.frame(A = gl(2,2), B = gl(2,2), C = 1:4) # test data > >>out.by <- by(DF, DF$A, function(x) replace(x[1,], "C", sum(x$C))) > >>do.call(rbind, out.by) > > > > Error in data.frame(A = c("1", "2"), B = c("1", "2"), C = c("3", "7"), : > > row names contain missing values > > > >>R.version.string # Windows XP > > > > [1] "Version 2.3.0 Patched (2006-04-28 r37936)" > > > > > >># 2.3.1 -- works ok > >>DF <- data.frame(A = gl(2,2), B = gl(2,2), C = 1:4) # test data > >>out.by <- by(DF, DF$A, function(x) replace(x[1,], "C", sum(x$C))) > >>do.call(rbind, out.by) > > > > A B C > > 1 1 1 3 > > 2 2 2 7 > > > >>R.version.string # Windows XP > > > > [1] "R version 2.2.1, 2005-12-20" > > > > On 5/3/06, Gabor Grothendieck <ggrothendieck at gmail.com> wrote: > > > >>Suppose we want to sum C over levels of A and that B is constant > >>within levels of A. Then: > >> > >>DF <- data.frame(A = gl(2,2), B = gl(2,2), C = 1:4) # test data > >>do.call("rbind", by(DF, DF$A, function(x) replace(x[1,], "C", sum(x$C)))) > >> > >> > >> > >>On 5/3/06, Guenther, Cameron <Cameron.Guenther at myfwc.com> wrote: > >> > >>>Hello, > >>> > >>>I have a data set with a grouping variable (TRIPID) and several other > >>>variables. TRIPID is repeated in some areas and I would like to use a > >>>function like aggregate to sum the variable UNITS according to TRIPID. > >>>However I would also like to retain the other variables as they are in > >>>the data set with the new summed TRIPID. > >>> > >>>So what I have is something like this: > >>> > >>>YEAR MONTH DAY CONTINUE SPL AREA COUNTY DEPTH > >>>DEPUNIT GEAR GEAR2 TRAPS SOAKTIME UNITS FACTOR DISPOSIT > >>>NUMSETS TRIPST TRIPID > >>>1992 1 26 1 SP0073928 8 > >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > >>>NA 161 1 NA NA > >>>NA 0216 3399054 1992 1 26 > >>>1 SP0073928 8 25 4 NA > >>>1000000 NA NA NA 8 > >>>1 NA NA NA 0216 3399054 > >>>1992 1 26 2 SP0004228 8 > >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > >>>NA 161 1 NA NA > >>>NA 0216 3399054 1992 1 26 > >>>2 SP0004228 8 25 4 NA > >>>1000000 NA NA NA 8 > >>>1 NA NA NA 0216 3399054 > >>>1992 1 25 NA SP0052652 8 > >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > >>>NA 85 1 NA NA > >>>NA 0216 3399057 1992 1 26 > >>>NA SP0037940 8 25 4 NA > >>>1000000 NA NA NA 70 > >>>1 NA NA NA 0216 3399058 > >>>1992 1 27 NA SP0072357 8 > >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > >>>NA 15 1 NA NA > >>>NA 0216 3399059 > >>>1992 1 27 NA SP0072357 8 > >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > >>>NA 20 1 NA NA > >>>NA 0216 3399059 1992 1 27 > >>>NA SP0026324 8 25 4 NA > >>>1000000 NA NA NA 8 > >>>1 NA NA NA 0216 3399060 > >>>1992 1 28 1 SP0072357 8 > >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > >>>NA 200 1 NA NA > >>>NA 0216 3399062 > >>> > >>>And what I want is this: > >>> > >>>YEAR MONTH DAY CONTINUE SPL AREA COUNTY DEPTH > >>>DEPUNIT GEAR GEAR2 TRAPS SOAKTIME UNITS FACTOR DISPOSIT > >>>NUMSETS TRIPST TRIPID > >>>1992 1 26 1 SP0073928 8 > >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > >>>NA 338 1 NA NA > >>>NA 0216 3399054 1992 1 25 > >>>NA SP0052652 8 25 4 NA > >>>1000000 NA NA NA 85 > >>>1 NA NA NA 0216 3399057 > >>>1992 1 26 NA SP0037940 8 > >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > >>>NA 70 1 NA NA > >>>NA 0216 3399058 > >>>1992 1 27 NA SP0072357 8 > >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > >>>NA 35 1 NA NA > >>>NA 0216 3399059 > >>>1992 1 27 NA SP0026324 8 > >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > >>>NA 8 1 NA NA > >>>NA 0216 3399060 > >>>1992 1 28 1 SP0072357 8 > >>>25 4 NA 1000000 NA NA > >>>NA 200 1 NA NA > >>>NA 0216 3399062 > >>> > >>> > >>>Does anyone know how to do this. Data file is attached. > >>>Thanks in advance > >>> > >>>Cameron Guenther, Ph.D. > >>>Associate Research Scientist > >>>FWC/FWRI, Marine Fisheries Research > >>>100 8th Avenue S.E. > >>>St. Petersburg, FL 33701 > >>>(727)896-8626 Ext. 4305 > >>>cameron.guenther at myfwc.com > >>> > >>> [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > >>> > >>>______________________________________________ > >>>R-help at stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list > >>>https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > >>>PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > >>> > >> > > > > ______________________________________________ > > R-devel at r-project.org mailing list > > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel > > > > -- > Roger D. Peng | http://www.biostat.jhsph.edu/~rpeng/ >