The following gives an error test <- df <- data.frame(x=1:10, y=11:20) test[] <- lapply(df, factor) Error in "[<-.data.frame"(*tmp*, , value = lapply(df, factor)) : Argument "i" is missing, with no default It is correct S code, and works in S+3.4 and 6.0. --please do not edit the information below-- Version: platform = i686-pc-linux-gnu arch = i686 os = linux-gnu system = i686, linux-gnu status = major = 1 minor = 3.0 year = 2001 month = 06 day = 22 language = R Search Path: .GlobalEnv, package:ctest, Autoloads, package:base -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.- r-devel mailing list -- Read http://www.ci.tuwien.ac.at/~hornik/R/R-FAQ.html Send "info", "help", or "[un]subscribe" (in the "body", not the subject !) To: r-devel-request@stat.math.ethz.ch _._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._