Dear list, I have a doubt/suggestion to change the help page of base::levels(). in the examples section, one reads (R 4.3.1): ## we can add levels this way: f <- factor(c("a","b")) levels(f) <- c("c", "a", "b") f [1] c a Levels: c a b f <- factor(c("a","b")) levels(f) <- list(C = "C", A = "a", B = "b") f [1] A B Levels: C A B However, none of the examples only adds a level - the first replaces level "a" with "c", "b" with "a" and then adds the new level "b", while the second replaces levels a and b with their upper-case versions and adds level C. This might lead to additional confusion since levels() <- behaves quite differently in this aspect from the levels argument of factor(), e.g. f1 <- factor(c("a","b")) f1 <- factor(f1, levels = c("c","a","b") ) f1 [1] a b Levels: c a b would indeed add a new level "c" while maintaining the existing ones. I would suggest to at least replace the "add levels" in the comment by "modify levels". Does this make sense? Best regards Hilmar [[alternative HTML version deleted]]