thr3ads.net - R help - [R] Environment question [Oct 2015]

If this information is useful, please help other people find it:
Share via:

ALBERTO VIEIRA FERREIRA MONTEIRO

2015-Oct-23 15:08 UTC

[R] Environment question

>From the code below:
y <- 1

f1 <- function() { 
  cat("y =", y, "\n") 
}

f2 <- function() { 
  y <- 2
  f1()
}

f3 <- function() {
  y <- 3
  f <- f1
  f()
}

f4 <- function() {
  y <- 4
  f <- function() { cat("y =", y, "\n") }
  f()
}

f1()
f2()
f3()
f4()

Clearly, f1(), f2() and f4() will display "y = 1", "y = 1"
and "y = 4",
but, not as much clearly but predictably, f3() also displays "y = 1".

Is there any way to rewrite the code of f3 in such a way that it
displays "y = 3"?

An obvious but cumbersome way would be something like:

f3 <- function() {
  y <- 3
  # write the code of f1 to a temporary file
  dump("f1", "temp.R")
  # read the code of f1
  str <- readLines("temp.R")
  # replace the code that defines function f1 for a code that defines function f
  str <- gsub("f1 <-", "f <-", str)
  # write the new code to the temporary file
  writeLines(str, "temp.R")
  # read the source but use local to get things from f3's environment
  # (with the default local = FALSE, "y" would get the value from
globalenv())
  source("temp.R", local = TRUE)
  # ...?
  f()
  # PROFIT!
}
  
Is there a more elegant way to do this?

Alberto Monteiro

Duncan Murdoch

2015-Oct-23 15:21 UTC

head link

[R] Environment question

On 23/10/2015 11:08 AM, ALBERTO VIEIRA FERREIRA MONTEIRO
wrote:> From the code below:
> 
> y <- 1
> 
> f1 <- function() { 
>   cat("y =", y, "\n") 
> }
> 
> f2 <- function() { 
>   y <- 2
>   f1()
> }
> 
> f3 <- function() {
>   y <- 3
>   f <- f1
>   f()
> }
> 
> f4 <- function() {
>   y <- 4
>   f <- function() { cat("y =", y, "\n") }
>   f()
> }
> 
> f1()
> f2()
> f3()
> f4()
> 
> Clearly, f1(), f2() and f4() will display "y = 1", "y =
1" and "y = 4",
> but, not as much clearly but predictably, f3() also displays "y =
1".
> 
> Is there any way to rewrite the code of f3 in such a way that it
> displays "y = 3"?
After f <- f1, you can say

environment(f) <- environment()

That says that f should resolve non-local symbols by looking in the
environment that is current in that line, i.e. the local evaluation
frame of this invocation of f3.

One warning:  if in the real use case, the user is supplying f1, then
the user might be giving you something where the environment really
matters, and this substitution would cause the function to return
nonsense.  Or if the user's f1 makes use of other global variables that
happen to have the same name as other locals in f3, nonsense again.

Duncan Murdoch
> 
> An obvious but cumbersome way would be something like:
> 
> f3 <- function() {
>   y <- 3
>   # write the code of f1 to a temporary file
>   dump("f1", "temp.R")
>   # read the code of f1
>   str <- readLines("temp.R")
>   # replace the code that defines function f1 for a code that defines
function f
>   str <- gsub("f1 <-", "f <-", str)
>   # write the new code to the temporary file
>   writeLines(str, "temp.R")
>   # read the source but use local to get things from f3's environment
>   # (with the default local = FALSE, "y" would get the value from
globalenv())
>   source("temp.R", local = TRUE)
>   # ...?
>   f()
>   # PROFIT!
> }
>   
> Is there a more elegant way to do this?
> 
> Alberto Monteiro
> 
> ______________________________________________
> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> PLEASE do read the posting guide
http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
>

Bert Gunter

2015-Oct-23 16:19 UTC

head link

[R] Environment question

I do not understand exactly what you're looking for: "Any way to
rewrite the code.." is pretty vague. Here is _an_ answer, which may
completely miss what you mean,  followed by some comments.

y <- 1

f1 <- function(x=y) {
  cat("y =", x, "\n")
}

f2 <- function() {
  y <- 2
  f1()
}

f3 <- function() {
  y <- 3
  f1(y)
}

f4 <- function() {
  y <- 4
  f <- function() { cat("y =", y, "\n") }
  f()
}
> f1()
y = 1> f2()
y = 1> f3()
y = 3> f4()y = 4


Following up on Duncan's comments:

1) Looking up free variables in the enclosing environment is always
potentially risky imo, although it can certainly be useful. Explicitly
passing arguments with defaults seems safer.

2) Explicitly changing the enclosing environment is even riskier, as
Duncan made clear. The "environment<-" Help file explicitly adds:

"The replacement function parent.env<- is extremely dangerous as it
can be used to destructively change environments in ways that violate
assumptions made by the internal C code. It may be removed in the near
future"

If neither Duncan's nor my suggestions are helpful, you might try
re-posting with more context about the specific use case you are
concerned with.

Cheers,
Bert

Bert Gunter

"Data is not information. Information is not knowledge. And knowledge
is certainly not wisdom."
   -- Clifford Stoll


On Fri, Oct 23, 2015 at 8:21 AM, Duncan Murdoch
<murdoch.duncan at gmail.com> wrote:> On 23/10/2015 11:08 AM, ALBERTO VIEIRA FERREIRA MONTEIRO wrote:
>> From the code below:
>>
>> y <- 1
>>
>> f1 <- function() {
>>   cat("y =", y, "\n")
>> }
>>
>> f2 <- function() {
>>   y <- 2
>>   f1()
>> }
>>
>> f3 <- function() {
>>   y <- 3
>>   f <- f1
>>   f()
>> }
>>
>> f4 <- function() {
>>   y <- 4
>>   f <- function() { cat("y =", y, "\n") }
>>   f()
>> }
>>
>> f1()
>> f2()
>> f3()
>> f4()
>>
>> Clearly, f1(), f2() and f4() will display "y = 1", "y =
1" and "y = 4",
>> but, not as much clearly but predictably, f3() also displays "y =
1".
>>
>> Is there any way to rewrite the code of f3 in such a way that it
>> displays "y = 3"?
>
> After f <- f1, you can say
>
> environment(f) <- environment()
>
> That says that f should resolve non-local symbols by looking in the
> environment that is current in that line, i.e. the local evaluation
> frame of this invocation of f3.
>
> One warning:  if in the real use case, the user is supplying f1, then
> the user might be giving you something where the environment really
> matters, and this substitution would cause the function to return
> nonsense.  Or if the user's f1 makes use of other global variables that
> happen to have the same name as other locals in f3, nonsense again.
>
> Duncan Murdoch
>
>>
>> An obvious but cumbersome way would be something like:
>>
>> f3 <- function() {
>>   y <- 3
>>   # write the code of f1 to a temporary file
>>   dump("f1", "temp.R")
>>   # read the code of f1
>>   str <- readLines("temp.R")
>>   # replace the code that defines function f1 for a code that defines
function f
>>   str <- gsub("f1 <-", "f <-", str)
>>   # write the new code to the temporary file
>>   writeLines(str, "temp.R")
>>   # read the source but use local to get things from f3's
environment
>>   # (with the default local = FALSE, "y" would get the value
from globalenv())
>>   source("temp.R", local = TRUE)
>>   # ...?
>>   f()
>>   # PROFIT!
>> }
>>
>> Is there a more elegant way to do this?
>>
>> Alberto Monteiro
>>
>> ______________________________________________
>> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
>> PLEASE do read the posting guide
http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
>> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
>>
>
> ______________________________________________
> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> PLEASE do read the posting guide
http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.

ALBERTO VIEIRA FERREIRA MONTEIRO

2015-Nov-13 17:53 UTC

head link

[R] Environment question

I have another environment question.

I understand why this works as expected:

f.factory <- function()
{
  y <- 2
  fname <- paste("plus", y, sep = ".")
  f <- function(x) x + y
  assign(fname, f, envir = globalenv())
}

f.factory()
plus.2(2) # 4

and I also understand why this does NOT work:

f.factory <- function()
{
  for (y in 2:3) {
    fname <- paste("plus", y, sep = ".")
    f <- function(x) x + y
    assign(fname, f, envir = globalenv())
  }
}

f.factory()
plus.2(2) # 5
  
(the reason is that both plus.2 and plus.3 have the
same environment as f.factory when f.factory terminates,
which assign 2 to variable y in the first case and 3 in
the second case)

However, I don't know an elegant way to adapt f.factory
so that it works as expected. Any suggestions?

Alberto Monteiro

William Dunlap

2015-Nov-13 18:53 UTC

head link

[R] Environment question

Make a new environment for each function and populate it with
the variables that your functions require.  local() is a convenient
way to do this:

f.factory3 <- function(destinationEnvir = globalenv())
{
  for (y in 2:3) {
    fname <- paste("plus", y, sep = ".")
    f <- local(function(x) x + y, envir=list2env(list(y=y),
parent=destinationEnvir))
    assign(fname, f, envir = destinationEnvir)
  }
}


Bill Dunlap
TIBCO Software
wdunlap tibco.com


On Fri, Nov 13, 2015 at 9:53 AM, ALBERTO VIEIRA FERREIRA MONTEIRO
<albmont at centroin.com.br> wrote:> I have another environment question.
>
> I understand why this works as expected:
>
> f.factory <- function()
> {
>   y <- 2
>   fname <- paste("plus", y, sep = ".")
>   f <- function(x) x + y
>   assign(fname, f, envir = globalenv())
> }
>
> f.factory()
> plus.2(2) # 4
>
> and I also understand why this does NOT work:
>
> f.factory <- function()
> {
>   for (y in 2:3) {
>     fname <- paste("plus", y, sep = ".")
>     f <- function(x) x + y
>     assign(fname, f, envir = globalenv())
>   }
> }
>
> f.factory()
> plus.2(2) # 5
>
> (the reason is that both plus.2 and plus.3 have the
> same environment as f.factory when f.factory terminates,
> which assign 2 to variable y in the first case and 3 in
> the second case)
>
> However, I don't know an elegant way to adapt f.factory
> so that it works as expected. Any suggestions?
>
> Alberto Monteiro
>
> ______________________________________________
> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> PLEASE do read the posting guide
http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.

Duncan Murdoch

2015-Nov-13 19:13 UTC

head link

[R] Environment question

On 13/11/2015 12:53 PM, ALBERTO VIEIRA FERREIRA MONTEIRO
wrote:> I have another environment question.
>
> I understand why this works as expected:
>
> f.factory <- function()
> {
>    y <- 2
>    fname <- paste("plus", y, sep = ".")
>    f <- function(x) x + y
>    assign(fname, f, envir = globalenv())
> }
>
> f.factory()
> plus.2(2) # 4
>
> and I also understand why this does NOT work:
>
> f.factory <- function()
> {
>    for (y in 2:3) {
>      fname <- paste("plus", y, sep = ".")
>      f <- function(x) x + y
>      assign(fname, f, envir = globalenv())
>    }
> }
>
> f.factory()
> plus.2(2) # 5
>    
> (the reason is that both plus.2 and plus.3 have the
> same environment as f.factory when f.factory terminates,
> which assign 2 to variable y in the first case and 3 in
> the second case)
>
> However, I don't know an elegant way to adapt f.factory
> so that it works as expected. Any suggestions?
I think Bill answered your question.  I'd suggest that you should ask a 
different question.  It's generally a bad idea to use assign(), 
especially for assignments into the global environment. Your f.factory 
should return a value, it shouldn't modify globalenv().   It's often a 
bad idea to refer to the environment explicitly at all.  So my 
recommended solution might be this variation on Bill's:

f.factory4 <- function()
{
   result <- list()
   for (y in 2:3) {
     result[[y]] <- local({
       ylocal <- y
       function(x) x + ylocal
     })
     names(result)[y] <- paste("plus", y, sep = ".")
   }
   result
}

The "names" line is optional; with it, you can use

f <- f.factory4()
f$plus.2(2)

but with or without it you can use

f[[2]](2)

Duncan Murdoch

R help - Oct 2015 - Environment question

[R] Environment question

[R] Environment question

[R] Environment question

[R] Environment question

[R] Environment question

[R] Environment question