R devel - Aug 2018 - Detecting whether a process exists or not by its PID?

Hi, I'd like to test whether a (localhost) PSOCK cluster node is still
running or not by its PID, e.g. it may have crashed / core dumped.
I'm ok with getting false-positive results due to *another* process
with the same PID has since started.

I can the PID of each cluster nodes by querying them for their
Sys.getpid(), e.g.

    pids <- parallel::clusterEvalQ(cl, Sys.getpid())

Is there a function in core R for testing whether a process with a
given PID exists or not? From trial'n'error, I found that on Linux:

  pid_exists <- function(pid) as.logical(tools::pskill(pid, signal = 0L))

returns TRUE for existing processes and FALSE otherwise, but I'm not
sure if I can trust this.  It's not a documented feature in
?tools::pskill, which also warns about 'signal' not being standardized
across OSes.

The other Linux alternative I can imagine is:

  pid_exists <- function(pid) system2("ps", args =
c("--pid", pid),
stdout = FALSE) == 0L

Can I expect this to work on macOS as well?  What about other *nix systems?

And, finally, what can be done on Windows?

I'm sure there are packages on CRAN that provides this, but I'd like
to keep dependencies at a minimum.

I appreciate any feedback. Thxs,

Henrik

On Fri, Aug 31, 2018 at 1:18 AM Henrik Bengtsson
<henrik.bengtsson at gmail.com> wrote:
[...]
>   pid_exists <- function(pid) as.logical(tools::pskill(pid, signal =
0L))
>
> returns TRUE for existing processes and FALSE otherwise, but I'm not
> sure if I can trust this.  It's not a documented feature in
> ?tools::pskill, which also warns about 'signal' not being
standardized
> across OSes.
Yes, as long as tools::pskill() is willing to call a killl(0) system
call, AFAIK this will work fine on all UNIX systems.
> The other Linux alternative I can imagine is:
>
>   pid_exists <- function(pid) system2("ps", args =
c("--pid", pid),
> stdout = FALSE) == 0L
>
> Can I expect this to work on macOS as well?  What about other *nix systems?
There is no --pid option on macOS. I think simply `ps <pid>` is
better, but some very minimal systems might not have ps at all.
> And, finally, what can be done on Windows?
You need to call OpenProcess from C, or find some base R function that
does that without messing up the process. Seems like tools::psnice()
does that.
> I'm sure there are packages on CRAN that provides this, but I'd
like
> to keep dependencies at a minimum.
Yes, e.g. the ps package does this, and it does it properly, i.e. you
don't need to worry about pid reuse. Pid reuse does cause problems
quite frequently, especially on Windows, and especially on a system
that starts a lot of processes, like win-builder.

Gabor
> I appreciate any feedback. Thxs,
>
> Henrik
>
> ______________________________________________
> R-devel at r-project.org mailing list
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel

On 08/31/2018 01:18 AM, Henrik Bengtsson wrote:
> Hi, I'd like to test whether a (localhost) PSOCK cluster node is still
> running or not by its PID, e.g. it may have crashed / core dumped.
> I'm ok with getting false-positive results due to *another* process
> with the same PID has since started.
kill(sig=0) is specified by POSIX but indeed as you say there is a race 
condition due to PID-reuse.? In principle, detecting that a worker 
process is still alive cannot be done correctly outside base R. At 
user-level I would probably consider some watchdog, e.g. the parallel 
tasks would be repeatedly touching a file.

In base R, one can do this correctly for forked processes via 
mcparallel/mccollect, not for PSOCK cluster workers which are based on 
system() (and I understand it would be a useful feature)

 > j <- mcparallel(Sys.sleep(1000))
 > mccollect(j, wait=FALSE)
NULL

# kill the child process

 > mccollect(j, wait=FALSE)
$`1542`
NULL

More details indeed in ?mcparallel. The key part is that the job must be 
started as non-detached and as soon as mccollect() collects is, 
mccollect() must never be called on it again.

Tomas
>
> I can the PID of each cluster nodes by querying them for their
> Sys.getpid(), e.g.
>
>      pids <- parallel::clusterEvalQ(cl, Sys.getpid())
>
> Is there a function in core R for testing whether a process with a
> given PID exists or not? From trial'n'error, I found that on Linux:
>
>    pid_exists <- function(pid) as.logical(tools::pskill(pid, signal =
0L))
>
> returns TRUE for existing processes and FALSE otherwise, but I'm not
> sure if I can trust this.  It's not a documented feature in
> ?tools::pskill, which also warns about 'signal' not being
standardized
> across OSes.
>
> The other Linux alternative I can imagine is:
>
>    pid_exists <- function(pid) system2("ps", args =
c("--pid", pid),
> stdout = FALSE) == 0L
>
> Can I expect this to work on macOS as well?  What about other *nix systems?
>
> And, finally, what can be done on Windows?
>
> I'm sure there are packages on CRAN that provides this, but I'd
like
> to keep dependencies at a minimum.
>
> I appreciate any feedback. Thxs,
>
> Henrik
>
> ______________________________________________
> R-devel at r-project.org mailing list
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel

On Fri, Aug 31, 2018 at 2:51 PM Tomas Kalibera <tomas.kalibera at
gmail.com> wrote:
[...]
> kill(sig=0) is specified by POSIX but indeed as you say there is a race
> condition due to PID-reuse.  In principle, detecting that a worker
> process is still alive cannot be done correctly outside base R.
I am not sure why you think so.
> At user-level I would probably consider some watchdog, e.g. the parallel
> tasks would be repeatedly touching a file.
I am pretty sure that there are simpler and better solutions. E.g. one
would be to
ask the worker process for its startup time (with as much precision as possible)
and then use the (pid, startup_time) pair as a unique id.

With this you can check if the process is still running, by checking
that the pid exists,
and that its startup time matches.

This is all very simple with the ps package, on Linux, macOS and Windows.

Gabor
> In base R, one can do this correctly for forked processes via
> mcparallel/mccollect, not for PSOCK cluster workers which are based on
> system() (and I understand it would be a useful feature)
>
>  > j <- mcparallel(Sys.sleep(1000))
>  > mccollect(j, wait=FALSE)
> NULL
>
> # kill the child process
>
>  > mccollect(j, wait=FALSE)
> $`1542`
> NULL
>
> More details indeed in ?mcparallel. The key part is that the job must be
> started as non-detached and as soon as mccollect() collects is,
> mccollect() must never be called on it again.
>
> Tomas
>
> >
> > I can the PID of each cluster nodes by querying them for their
> > Sys.getpid(), e.g.
> >
> >      pids <- parallel::clusterEvalQ(cl, Sys.getpid())
> >
> > Is there a function in core R for testing whether a process with a
> > given PID exists or not? From trial'n'error, I found that on
Linux:
> >
> >    pid_exists <- function(pid) as.logical(tools::pskill(pid, signal
= 0L))
> >
> > returns TRUE for existing processes and FALSE otherwise, but I'm
not
> > sure if I can trust this.  It's not a documented feature in
> > ?tools::pskill, which also warns about 'signal' not being
standardized
> > across OSes.
> >
> > The other Linux alternative I can imagine is:
> >
> >    pid_exists <- function(pid) system2("ps", args =
c("--pid", pid),
> > stdout = FALSE) == 0L
> >
> > Can I expect this to work on macOS as well?  What about other *nix
systems?
> >
> > And, finally, what can be done on Windows?
> >
> > I'm sure there are packages on CRAN that provides this, but
I'd like
> > to keep dependencies at a minimum.
> >
> > I appreciate any feedback. Thxs,
> >
> > Henrik
> >
> > ______________________________________________
> > R-devel at r-project.org mailing list
> > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
>
> ______________________________________________
> R-devel at r-project.org mailing list
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel