In kernel 2.5.72 , My modules: demo-module.c ---------------------------------------------------------- #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/module.h> static int __init demo_init(void) { printk("initializing..\n"); return 0; } static void __exit demo_exit(void) { printk("goodbye!\n"); } module_init(demo_init); module_exit(demo_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); ------------------------------------------------------------ compile line: gcc -I/path-to-linux-tree/include -D__KERNEL__ -DMODULE -O2 -DKBUILD_MODNAME=demo-module -DKBUILD_BASENAME=demo-module \ -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -c -o demo-module.o demo-module.c --------------------------------------------------------------- # insmod demo-module.o Error inserting ''demo-module.o'': -1 Invalid module format --------------------------------------------------------------- Insmod tells me "Invalid module format" and the kernel log says "No module found in object". Someone can tell me what''s trouble! yuan _______________________________________________ LARTC mailing list / LARTC@mailman.ds9a.nl http://mailman.ds9a.nl/mailman/listinfo/lartc HOWTO: http://lartc.org/