Virtualization - Jul 2021 - [RFC 0/3] cpuidle: add poll_source API and virtio vq polling

On Wed, Jul 21, 2021 at 11:29:55AM +0800, Jason Wang
wrote:
> 
> ? 2021/7/14 ??12:19, Stefan Hajnoczi ??:
> > These patches are not polished yet but I would like request feedback
on this
> > approach and share performance results with you.
> > 
> > Idle CPUs tentatively enter a busy wait loop before halting when the
cpuidle
> > haltpoll driver is enabled inside a virtual machine. This reduces
wakeup
> > latency for events that occur soon after the vCPU becomes idle.
> > 
> > This patch series extends the cpuidle busy wait loop with the new
poll_source
> > API so drivers can participate in polling. Such polling-aware drivers
disable
> > their device's irq during the busy wait loop to avoid the cost of
interrupts.
> > This reduces latency further than regular cpuidle haltpoll, which
still relies
> > on irqs.
> > 
> > Virtio drivers are modified to use the poll_source API so all virtio
device
> > types get this feature. The following virtio-blk fio benchmark results
show the
> > improvement:
> > 
> >               IOPS (numjobs=4, iodepth=1, 4 virtqueues)
> >                 before   poll_source      io_poll
> > 4k randread    167102  186049 (+11%)  186654 (+11%)
> > 4k randwrite   162204  181214 (+11%)  181850 (+12%)
> > 4k randrw      159520  177071 (+11%)  177928 (+11%)
> > 
> > The comparison against io_poll shows that cpuidle poll_source achieves
> > equivalent performance to the block layer's io_poll feature (which
I
> > implemented in a separate patch series [1]).
> > 
> > The advantage of poll_source is that applications do not need to
explicitly set
> > the RWF_HIPRI I/O request flag. The poll_source approach is attractive
because
> > few applications actually use RWF_HIPRI and it takes advantage of CPU
cycles we
> > would have spent in cpuidle haltpoll anyway.
> > 
> > The current series does not improve virtio-net. I haven't
investigated deeply,
> > but it is possible that NAPI and poll_source do not combine. See the
final
> > patch for a starting point on making the two work together.
> > 
> > I have not tried this on bare metal but it might help there too. The
cost of
> > disabling a device's irq must be less than the savings from
avoiding irq
> > handling for this optimization to make sense.
> > 
> > [1]
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-block/20210520141305.355961-1-stefanha at
redhat.com/
> 
> 
> Hi Stefan:
> 
> Some questions:
> 
> 1) What's the advantages of introducing polling at virtio level instead
of
> doing it at each subsystems? Polling in virtio level may only work well if
> all (or most) of the devices are virtio
I'm not sure I understand the question. cpuidle haltpoll benefits all
devices today, except it incurs interrupt latency. The poll_source API
eliminates the interrupt latency for drivers that can disable device
interrupts cheaply.

This patch adds poll_source to core virtio code so that all virtio
drivers get this feature for free. No driver-specific changes are
needed.

If you mean networking, block layer, etc by "subsystems" then
there's
nothing those subsystems can do to help. Whether poll_source can be used
depends on the specific driver, not the subsystem. If you consider
drivers/virtio/ a subsystem, then that's exactly what the patch series
is doing.
> 2) What's the advantages of using cpuidle instead of using a thread
(and
> leverage the scheduler)?
In order to combine with the existing cpuidle infrastructure. No new
polling loop is introduced and no additional CPU cycles are spent on
polling.

If cpuidle itself is converted to threads then poll_source would
automatically operate in a thread too, but this patch series doesn't
change how the core cpuidle code works.
> 3) Any reason it's virtio_pci specific not a general virtio one?
Good idea, it is possible to move the virtio_pci changes into virtio.c.

Other transports can't use this feature yet though. Only virtio_pci
supports vq irq affinity. But the code can be generic and if other
transports ever support vq irq affinity they'll get it for free.
> (Btw, do we need to cc scheduler guys?)
I'm not sure. This patch series doesn't change how cpuidle interacts
with the scheduler. The cpuidle maintainers can pull in more people, if
necessary.

Stefan
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? 2021/7/21 ??5:41, Stefan Hajnoczi ??:
> On Wed, Jul 21, 2021 at 11:29:55AM +0800, Jason Wang wrote:
>> ? 2021/7/14 ??12:19, Stefan Hajnoczi ??:
>>> These patches are not polished yet but I would like request
feedback on this
>>> approach and share performance results with you.
>>>
>>> Idle CPUs tentatively enter a busy wait loop before halting when
the cpuidle
>>> haltpoll driver is enabled inside a virtual machine. This reduces
wakeup
>>> latency for events that occur soon after the vCPU becomes idle.
>>>
>>> This patch series extends the cpuidle busy wait loop with the new
poll_source
>>> API so drivers can participate in polling. Such polling-aware
drivers disable
>>> their device's irq during the busy wait loop to avoid the cost
of interrupts.
>>> This reduces latency further than regular cpuidle haltpoll, which
still relies
>>> on irqs.
>>>
>>> Virtio drivers are modified to use the poll_source API so all
virtio device
>>> types get this feature. The following virtio-blk fio benchmark
results show the
>>> improvement:
>>>
>>>                IOPS (numjobs=4, iodepth=1, 4 virtqueues)
>>>                  before   poll_source      io_poll
>>> 4k randread    167102  186049 (+11%)  186654 (+11%)
>>> 4k randwrite   162204  181214 (+11%)  181850 (+12%)
>>> 4k randrw      159520  177071 (+11%)  177928 (+11%)
>>>
>>> The comparison against io_poll shows that cpuidle poll_source
achieves
>>> equivalent performance to the block layer's io_poll feature
(which I
>>> implemented in a separate patch series [1]).
>>>
>>> The advantage of poll_source is that applications do not need to
explicitly set
>>> the RWF_HIPRI I/O request flag. The poll_source approach is
attractive because
>>> few applications actually use RWF_HIPRI and it takes advantage of
CPU cycles we
>>> would have spent in cpuidle haltpoll anyway.
>>>
>>> The current series does not improve virtio-net. I haven't
investigated deeply,
>>> but it is possible that NAPI and poll_source do not combine. See
the final
>>> patch for a starting point on making the two work together.
>>>
>>> I have not tried this on bare metal but it might help there too.
The cost of
>>> disabling a device's irq must be less than the savings from
avoiding irq
>>> handling for this optimization to make sense.
>>>
>>> [1]
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-block/20210520141305.355961-1-stefanha at
redhat.com/
>>
>> Hi Stefan:
>>
>> Some questions:
>>
>> 1) What's the advantages of introducing polling at virtio level
instead of
>> doing it at each subsystems? Polling in virtio level may only work well
if
>> all (or most) of the devices are virtio
> I'm not sure I understand the question. cpuidle haltpoll benefits all
> devices today, except it incurs interrupt latency. The poll_source API
> eliminates the interrupt latency for drivers that can disable device
> interrupts cheaply.
>
> This patch adds poll_source to core virtio code so that all virtio
> drivers get this feature for free. No driver-specific changes are
> needed.
>
> If you mean networking, block layer, etc by "subsystems" then
there's
> nothing those subsystems can do to help. Whether poll_source can be used
> depends on the specific driver, not the subsystem. If you consider
> drivers/virtio/ a subsystem, then that's exactly what the patch series
> is doing.

I meant, if we choose to use idle poll, we have some several choices:

1) bus level (e.g the virtio)
2) subsystem level (e.g the networking and block)

I'm not sure which one is better.

>
>> 2) What's the advantages of using cpuidle instead of using a thread
(and
>> leverage the scheduler)?
> In order to combine with the existing cpuidle infrastructure. No new
> polling loop is introduced and no additional CPU cycles are spent on
> polling.
>
> If cpuidle itself is converted to threads then poll_source would
> automatically operate in a thread too, but this patch series doesn't
> change how the core cpuidle code works.

So networking subsystem can use NAPI busy polling in the process context 
which means it can be leveraged by the scheduler.

I'm not sure it's a good idea to poll drivers for a specific bus in the 
general cpu idle layer.

Another questions, are those numbers measured by APICV capable machine?

Virtio-net turns on the tx interrupts since 2 years ago. And we don't 
see too much difference when measured with a APICV host.

>
>> 3) Any reason it's virtio_pci specific not a general virtio one?
> Good idea, it is possible to move the virtio_pci changes into virtio.c.
>
> Other transports can't use this feature yet though. Only virtio_pci
> supports vq irq affinity. But the code can be generic and if other
> transports ever support vq irq affinity they'll get it for free.

Yes.

Thanks

>
>> (Btw, do we need to cc scheduler guys?)
> I'm not sure. This patch series doesn't change how cpuidle
interacts
> with the scheduler. The cpuidle maintainers can pull in more people, if
> necessary.
>
> Stefan