process uses a large amount of memory, so it can be considered as the bandwidth of logging process is used due to the buggy process. Please consider the following case. If a thread who requests swap-out is charged, the thread is charged other threads' I/O. (1) -------- (2) Process A | | Process B mmaps a large area in --> | memory | <-- tries to allocate a page. the memory and writes | | data to there. -------- (3) | To get a free page, | the data written by Proc.A | is written out to the disk. V The I/O is done by using --------- Proc.B's bandwidth. | disk | --------- Thus I think that page owners should be charged against bandwidth. Thanks, Ryo Tsuruta