similar to: atan2(1,1i)

Hi, I was surprised that apply and sapply don't return the same results in the example below. Can someone tell me what I'm missing? > zls <- function(x) character(0) > m <- matrix(0, nrow=2, ncol=2) > apply(m, 1, zls) character(0) > sapply(m, zls) [[1]] character(0) [[2]] character(0) [[3]] character(0) [[4]] character(0) > R.version _

Dear all, I've got a problem with the function atan2. For a couple of coordinates x and y, This function returns the angle between the vector of coordinates (x, y) and the abscissa axis, i.e. it is the same as atan(y/x) (as indicated on the help page). If we consider the vector with coordinates x = 0 and y = 0, we have the following result: > atan(0/0) [1] NaN This is expected.

atan(1i) -> 0 + Inf i complex(1/5) -> 0.2 + 0i atan(1i) -> (0 + Inf i) * (0.2 + 0i) -> 0*0.2 + 0*0i + Inf i * 0.2 + Inf i * 0i infinity times zero is undefined -> 0 + 0i + Inf i + NaN * i^2 -> 0 + 0i + Inf i - NaN -> NaN + Inf i I am not sure how complex arithmetic could arrive at another answer. I advise against messing with infinities... use atan2() if you don't

> complex(real = 0, imaginary = Inf) [1] 0+Infi > Inf*1i [1] NaN+Infi >> complex(real = 0, imaginary = Inf)/5 [1] NaN+Infi See the Note in ?complex for the explanation, I think. Duncan can correct if I'm wrong. -- Bert On Thu, Sep 5, 2024 at 3:20?PM Leo Mada <leo.mada at syonic.eu> wrote: > Dear Bert, > > These behave like real divisions/multiplications: >

The thing is that real*complex, complex*real, and complex/real are not "complex arithmetic" in the requisite sense. The complex numbers are a vector space over the reals, and complex*real and real*complex are vector*scalar and scalar*vector. For example, in the Ada programming language, we have function "*" (Left, Right : Complex) return Complex; function "*" (Left :

>>>>> Richard O'Keefe >>>>> on Fri, 6 Sep 2024 17:24:07 +1200 writes: > The thing is that real*complex, complex*real, and complex/real are not > "complex arithmetic" in the requisite sense. > The complex numbers are a vector space over the reals, Yes, but they _also_ are field (and as others have argued mathematically only

> > Do you have plans to add other intrinsics? I'm curious as to why there > > is an llvm.sin intrinsic and an llvm.cos intrinsic, but no llvm.atan > > intrinsic. Why is there an llvm.pow intrinsic but no llvm.log > > intrinsic? > > Intrinsics get added on demand. Generally there has to be a good reason > to add them. llvm.sin was implemented (for

G.5.1 para 2 can be found in the C17 standard -- I actually have the final draft not the published standard. It's in earlier standards, I just didn't check earlier standards. Complex arithmetic was not in the first C standard (C89) but was in C99. The complex numbers do indeed form a field, and Z*W invokes an operation in that field when Z and W are both complex numbers. Z*R and R*Z,

Hi the following gave me a shock: > atan(2) [1] 1.107149 > atan(2+0i) [1] -0.4636476+0i > or, perhaps more of a gotcha: > atan(1.0001+0i) [1] -0.7853482+0i > atan(0.9999+0i) [1] 0.7853482+0i > evidently atan()'s branch cuts aren't where I thought they were. Where do I look for documentation on this? -- Robin Hankin Uncertainty Analyst National

On 2024-09-05 4:23 p.m., Leo Mada via R-help wrote: > Dear R Users, > > Is this desired behaviour? > I presume it's a bug. > > atan(1i) > # 0+Infi > > tan(atan(1i)) > # 0+1i > > atan(1i) / 5 > # NaN+Infi There's no need to involve atan() and tan() in this: > (0+Inf*1i)/5 [1] NaN+Infi Why do you think this is a bug? Duncan Murdoch

I expect that atan(1i) = (0 + infinity i) and that atan(1i)/5 = (0 + infinity i)/5 = (0 + infinity i). Here's what I get in C: (0,1) = (0, 1) atan((0,1)) = (0, inf) atan((0,1))/5 = (0, inf) Note the difference between I*infinity = (0,1)*infinity = (0*infinity,1*infinity) = (NaN,infinity) and (0,infinity)/5 = (0/5,infinity/5) = (0,infinity). The former involves multiplying 0 by infinity, which

Perhaps > Inf*1i [1] NaN+Infi clarifies why it is *not* a bug. (Boy, did that jog some long dusty math memories :-) ) -- Bert On Thu, Sep 5, 2024 at 2:48?PM Duncan Murdoch <murdoch.duncan at gmail.com> wrote: > On 2024-09-05 4:23 p.m., Leo Mada via R-help wrote: > > Dear R Users, > > > > Is this desired behaviour? > > I presume it's a bug. > >

Dear R Users, Is this desired behaviour? I presume it's a bug. atan(1i) # 0+Infi tan(atan(1i)) # 0+1i atan(1i) / 5 # NaN+Infi There were some changes in handling of complex numbers. But it looks like a bug. Sincerely, Leonard [[alternative HTML version deleted]]

Hi, I apologize for this repeat posting, which I first posted yesterday. I would appreciate any hints on solving this problem: I have two matrices A (m x 2) and B (n x 2), where m and n are large integers (on the order of 10^4). I am looking for an efficient way to create another matrix, W (m x n), which can be defined as follows: for (i in 1:m){ for (j in 1:n) { W[i,j] <-

Dear Bert, These behave like real divisions/multiplications: complex(re=Inf, im = Inf) * 5 # Inf+Infi complex(re=-Inf, im = Inf) * 5 # -Inf+Infi The real division / multiplication should be faster and also is well behaved. I was expecting R to do the real division/multiplication on a complex number. Which R actually does for these very particular cases; but not when only Im(x) is Inf.

On Tue, Nov 27, 2007 at 10:50:03AM -0700, Jon Sargeant wrote: > > > Do you have plans to add other intrinsics? I'm curious as to why there > > > is an llvm.sin intrinsic and an llvm.cos intrinsic, but no llvm.atan > > > intrinsic. Why is there an llvm.pow intrinsic but no llvm.log > > > intrinsic? > > > > Intrinsics get added on demand.

I inherited a function written either for an older version of R or SPlus to draw a brace, "{", in a graph. It uses par("uin") to determine the scaling of the quarter circles that make up segments of the brace, but that setting doesn't exist in current R. I'm guessing that, in the function below, ux, uy can be defined from par("usr") and

On 2024-09-06 12:44 a.m., Richard O'Keefe wrote: > I expect that atan(1i) = (0 + infinity i) and that atan(1i)/5 = (0 + > infinity i)/5 = (0 + infinity i). > Here's what I get in C: > (0,1) = (0, 1) > atan((0,1)) = (0, inf) > atan((0,1))/5 = (0, inf) > > Note the difference between I*infinity = (0,1)*infinity = > (0*infinity,1*infinity) = (NaN,infinity) > and

I am having problems with the 'if' syntax. I have an n x 4 matrix, X say. The first two columns hold x, y values and I am attempting to fill the second two columns with the quadrant in which the datapoint (x, y) is and with the heading angle. So I have two problems 1) how to do this elegantly (at which I've failed as I can't seem to vectorize the problem) and 2) how to

Hello, Once again, I posted a message without a subject line. Sorry.... here is the question again. Is there a simple way to modify the circ.mean function in the CircStats package to include a vector of weights to obtain a weighted average angle? Thanks! Martin -- Martin Biuw Sea Mammal Research Unit Gatty Marine Laboratory, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife KY16 8PA Scotland Ph: