similar to: extracting one element from all list elements

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1 Hi I have to replace the last element of a vector with 0, but the length of x is not known at coding time. So I do the following: x <- 1:10 x x[length(x)] <- 0 x it is working nicely, but I am wondering: is there a more elegant solution( like tail(x, 1) <- 0 , which does not work)? Thanks, Rainer - -- Rainer M. Krug, PhD (Conservation

Hi I want to use order() to get the order of a vector. But I would need a different behavior when ties occur: similar to the parameter ties.method = "random" in the rank() function, I would need to randomise the ties. Is this possible? Example: x <- rep(1:10, 2) order(x) [1] 1 11 2 12 3 13 4 14 5 15 6 16 7 17 8 18 9 19 10 20 order(x) [1] 1 11 2 12 3 13 4 14 5 15

Hi while teaching R, the question came up if it would be possible to add a picture (saved on the HDD) to a graph (generated by plot()), which we could not answer. It might easily kill a clean graph, but: is there a way of doing this, even one should not do it? On a similar line of thought: is it possibe to define own symbols so that they can be used in the plot function with pch=? Rainer

Hi if I try to import a raster layer which consists only of NULL values from grass by using the readRAST6, I get an error message: > readRAST6("HSericea_seedsDisperse_2007") ERROR: Invalid value for null (integers only) Error in readBinGrid(rtmpfl11, colname = vname[i], proj4string = p4, integer = to_int) : no such file:

Hi I upgraded to R 2.10.0, and I encounter a problem with some packages on R, installed via apt-get.. They are still compiled by 2.9 and give me an warning when I load the packages. Will these packages be recompiled with R 2.10, or should I rather switch to self-compiling? Cheers, Rainer -- Rainer M. Krug, PhD (Conservation Ecology, SUN), MSc (Conservation Biology, UCT), Dipl. Phys.

Hi this might be a little bit off topic, but here it goes: lets assume I have the following: set.seed(13) dat1 <- rnorm(2000, mean=10, sd=10) dat2 <- rnorm(100, mean=10, sd=20) d.all <- density(dat, n=1024) d.co <- density(x[[v]], , from=min(d.all$x), to=max(d.all$x), n=1024) d.diff <- list( x = d.all$x,

Hi is there an alternative to par(new), for ading data to a plot for a different y-axis? My problem with par(new=TRUE) is, that it re-defines all axis and labels (as in example 1) and one has to use xlim=... to fix the x-axis. I am looking for something, which simply resets the y-axis, so that a new plot() (or points()/lines()) keeps the x-axis, but re-defines the y-axis. Is there something

Hi is there an easy and fast way, to generate a BibTeX file of all installed / loaded packages and R? I know about toBibtex(citation()) to extract the BibTeX for a single package, but how can I generate a file containg citations for all installed / loaded packages? Cheers, Rainer -- NEW GERMAN FAX NUMBER!!! Rainer M. Krug, PhD (Conservation Ecology, SUN), MSc (Conservation Biology, UCT),

Hi I am comparing four different linear mixed effect models, derived from updating the original one. To compare these, I want to use anova(). I therefore do the following (not reproducible - just to illustration purpose!): dat <- loadSPECIES(SPECIES) subs <- expression(dead==FALSE & recTreat==FALSE) feff <- noBefore~pHarv*year # fixed effect in the model reff <-

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1 Hi I want to increase the size of the text for xlab in the plot command: plot(1,1, xlab="Label") I tried cex, cex.caption and others, but none worked. Is there a way of using cex=2 for the xlab? Thanks, Rainer - -- Rainer M. Krug, PhD (Conservation Ecology, SUN), MSc (Conservation Biology, UCT), Dipl. Phys. (Germany) Centre of

Hi I have the feeling, that the argument stringsAsFactors has no impact in the function expand.grid: a <- c("PR", "NC", "A2", "BS") b <- c(1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, 0.03125) class(expand.grid(css, fscs, stringsAsFactors=FALSE)[[1]]) [1] "factor" class(expand.grid(css, fscs, stringsAsFactors=TRUE)[[1]]) [1] "factor" Also, when

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1 Hi I know there is a function - I have used it before - but I always forget what it is called... I need the combination of two character vectors, i.e: x <- c("a", "b") y <- c("x", "y") z <- THEFUNCTION(x, y) z == c("ax", "ay", "bx", "by") I promise I will

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1 Hi I have 10.000 simulations for a sensitivity analysis. I have done a few sensitivity analysis for different response variables already, but now, as most of the simulations (if not all) show some cyclic behaviour, see how the independent input parameter influence the frequency of the cyclic changes and "how cyclic" they actually are. So

Hi I am testing a package, and after I make changes, I have to close R and open R again to load the new version (same version number) of the package I am working on. So my question: is there a function which removes a package, i.e library(myPackage) > Package is loaded unlibrary(myPackage) > package is not loaded any more Thanks, Rainer -- Rainer M. Krug, PhD (Conservation Ecology,

Hi I want to do a series of linear models, and would like to define the input arguments for lm() as variables. I managed easily to define the formula arguments in a variable, but I also would like to have the "subset" in a variable. My reasoning is, that I have the subset in the results object. So I wiould like to add a line like: subs <- dead==FALSE & recTreat==FALSE which

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1 Hi Just to be sure: I couldn't find a way of creating an interactive 3d graph which can be embedded in a pdf - is it correct that this can not be done with R? Cheers, Rainer - -- Rainer M. Krug, PhD (Conservation Ecology, SUN), MSc (Conservation Biology, UCT), Dipl. Phys. (Germany) Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1 Hi I am writing simulations in R, and quite regularly, I have to save lists and objects to HDD and load it later again. So I am wondering: why is there no function to write lists (and S3, S4 objects) onto HDD WITHOUT keeping the name? What I mean is: For data.frames I can use x <- data.frame(x = runif(10)) write.table(x, "x.txt) rm(x) y

Hi I am using mathematical anotation to make the labels in a barplot in italics. as an example (adapted from http://finzi.psych.upenn.edu/R/Rhelp02a/archive/129808.html): tt <- c("italic(First~~set)", "italic(Second~~set)", "italic(third~~set") barplot(1:3, names.arg=parse(text=tt)) But I would like to have it with "set" in a second column, like tt

Hi I have the following function which should return the name of FUN: myFUN <- function(FUN) { return( THE_NAME_OF_FUN(FUN)) } Is it possible? What do I have tio use here instead of THE_NAME_OF_FUN? Thanks, Rainer -- Rainer M. Krug, Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa [[alternative HTML version deleted]]

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1 Hi I would like to create a Namespace during runtime, and not during loading a package. My reasoning is that I want to be able to store a number of variables and to "protect them from the user" (might be even myself). The code will not be in a package, but will be source()ed. Next step: pass variables from org mode / emacs to R and to