[llvm-dev] [RFC] IR-level Region Annotations

Tian, Xinmin via llvm-dev
Wed, 01 Feb 2017 03:53:31 -0000

In this case, inliner is educated to add all local variables to the tag of
enclosing parallel region, if there is enclosing parallel region.

In our icc implementation, it is even simple, as we have routine level symbol
table, the inliner adds  ”private”  attribute to those local variables w/o
checking enclosing scope, the parallelizer does check and use it.

Xinmin

From: mehdi.amini at apple.com [mailto:mehdi.amini at apple.com]
Sent: Tuesday, January 31, 2017 7:31 PM
To: Tian, Xinmin <xinmin.tian at intel.com>
Cc: Sanjoy Das <sanjoy at playingwithpointers.com>; Adve, Vikram Sadanand
<vadve at illinois.edu>; llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org; llvm-dev-request at
lists.llvm.org
Subject: Re: [llvm-dev] [RFC] IR-level Region Annotations



Sent from my iPhone

On Jan 31, 2017, at 7:27 PM, Tian, Xinmin <xinmin.tian at
intel.com<mailto:xinmin.tian at intel.com>> wrote:
Remember that,  the prepare-phase is invoked in the FE or right after FE,
inlining is not happening, that is why we don't call it "pass".
Chandler made a good point for this case a long time back.


What I was describing is the inlining in the optimizer pipeline.



Hoisting alloca is totally ok.  A new alloca is generated during outlining later
on for anything marked as "private" (so long the "private"
information is saves in the tag). I thought we talked this in an early email.


Can you describe how (and at which point) you get the private for
"var"  added to the tag?


--
Mehdi


By the way, all concerns you have are all valid, we had worked on resolving
these issues 10+ years back when we did similar things in our compilers. I
wouldn't claim we have perfect solutions, but we do reasonable good
solutions for handling general directives and openmp directives.

Xinmin

-----Original Message-----
From: mehdi.amini at apple.com<mailto:mehdi.amini at apple.com>
[mailto:mehdi.amini at apple.com]
Sent: Tuesday, January 31, 2017 7:08 PM
To: Tian, Xinmin <xinmin.tian at intel.com<mailto:xinmin.tian at
intel.com>>
Cc: Sanjoy Das <sanjoy at playingwithpointers.com<mailto:sanjoy at
playingwithpointers.com>>; Adve, Vikram Sadanand <vadve at
illinois.edu<mailto:vadve at illinois.edu>>; llvm-dev at
lists.llvm.org<mailto:llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org>; llvm-dev-request at
lists.llvm.org<mailto:llvm-dev-request at lists.llvm.org>
Subject: Re: [llvm-dev] [RFC] IR-level Region Annotations



On Jan 31, 2017, at 6:48 PM, Tian, Xinmin <xinmin.tian at
intel.com<mailto:xinmin.tian at intel.com>> wrote:

Let me try this.

You can simply consider the prepare-phase (e.g. pre-privatization)  were done in
FE  (actually a library can be used by multiple FEs at LLVM IR level),  the
region is run with 1 thread,  region annotation (scope,
single-entry-single-exit) as memory barrier conservatively for now (instead of
checking individual memory dependency, aliasing via tags which is the actual
implementation is done) marked with region intrinsic functions. What
optimization will mess up  with this region-annotation?

The first thing that comes to my mind is inlining that can put the IR in a form
that breaks the invariant you tried to enforce with your "prepare-phase”
(for example by hoisting an allocas).

—
Mehdi





-----Original Message-----
From: mehdi.amini at apple.com<mailto:mehdi.amini at apple.com>
[mailto:mehdi.amini at apple.com]
Sent: Tuesday, January 31, 2017 5:47 PM
To: Tian, Xinmin <xinmin.tian at intel.com<mailto:xinmin.tian at
intel.com>>
Cc: Sanjoy Das <sanjoy at playingwithpointers.com<mailto:sanjoy at
playingwithpointers.com>>; Adve, Vikram Sadanand <vadve at
illinois.edu<mailto:vadve at illinois.edu>>; llvm-dev at
lists.llvm.org<mailto:llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org>; llvm-dev-request at
lists.llvm.org<mailto:llvm-dev-request at lists.llvm.org>
Subject: Re: [llvm-dev] [RFC] IR-level Region Annotations


On Jan 31, 2017, at 5:38 PM, Tian, Xinmin <xinmin.tian at
intel.com<mailto:xinmin.tian at intel.com>> wrote:

Ok, but this looks like a “workaround" for your specific use-case, I don’t
see how it can scale as a model-agnostic and general-purpose region semantic.

I would say it is a design trade-off.

I’m not sure if we’re talking about the same thing here: my understanding at
this point is that the design trading-off you’re making “simplicity” by
scarifying “correctness”.

Requiring the IR to stay in what you’re calling a “canonical” form in your
answer to Sanjoy in order to not miscompile a program is not an approach that
seems compatible with how we deal with the IR usually.

Regardless it is a new instruction or an intrinsics with token/tag, it will
consist of  model-agnostic part and model-non-agnostic part. The package comes
with a framework for parsing and using these intrinsics.  See the reply I had
for Sanjoy's email.

The answer to Sanjoy is not really helpful to clarify anything to me. At this
point I still don’t understand how this is supposed to be correct in general.

It would be helpful to have a LangRef patch that describes the semantic
associated to your region intrinsics. Then we may be able to process some
examples through the formalized description.

—
Mehdi



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[mailto:mehdi.amini at apple.com]
Sent: Saturday, January 21, 2017 1:57 PM
To: Tian, Xinmin <xinmin.tian at intel.com<mailto:xinmin.tian at
intel.com>>
Cc: Sanjoy Das <sanjoy at playingwithpointers.com<mailto:sanjoy at
playingwithpointers.com>>; Adve, Vikram Sadanand <vadve at
illinois.edu<mailto:vadve at illinois.edu>>; llvm-dev at
lists.llvm.org<mailto:llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org>; llvm-dev-request at
lists.llvm.org<mailto:llvm-dev-request at lists.llvm.org>
Subject: Re: [llvm-dev] [RFC] IR-level Region Annotations


On Jan 20, 2017, at 11:17 AM, Tian, Xinmin <xinmin.tian at
intel.com<mailto:xinmin.tian at intel.com>> wrote:

This means that the optimizer has to be aware of it, I’m missing the magic here?

This is one option.

The another option is that, as I mentioned in our LLVM-HPC paper in our
implementation. We have a "prepare phase for pre-privatization" can be
invoked by both Clang FE and Fortran FE right after LLVM IR is generated. So, in
this way, we are able to minimize the optimizations impact for the original val
and I

Ok, but this looks like a “workaround" for your specific use-case, I don’t
see how it can scale as a model-agnostic and general-purpose region semantic.

The fact that you needed this pre-step in the first place seems to indicate to
me that it confirms what multiple people expressed in this thread, for example
what Daniel wrote here:
http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2017-January/108997.html

—
Mehdi




{ void main() {
i32* val = alloca i32
i32* I = alloca 32
i32* priv_val = alloca i32
i32* priv_i alloca 32
tok = llvm.experimental.intrinsic_a()[
"DIR.PARALLEL"(),"QUAL.PRIVATE"(i32* %priv_val, i32
%priv_i), "QUAL.NUM_THREADS"(i32 4)]

%priv_i = omp_get_thread_num();
compute_something_into_val(%priv_val, %priv_i);
a[priv_i] = %priv_val;

llvm.experimental.intrinsic_b(tok)["DIR.END.PARALLEL"()];
....

I Val Foo(val, i).
}

"Prepare phase" is our way of minimizing the impact to existing
optimizations.

Xinmin

-----Original Message-----
From: mehdi.amini at apple.com<mailto:mehdi.amini at apple.com>
[mailto:mehdi.amini at apple.com]
Sent: Friday, January 20, 2017 10:54 AM
To: Tian, Xinmin
Cc: Sanjoy Das; Adve, Vikram Sadanand; llvm-dev at
lists.llvm.org<mailto:llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org>; llvm-dev-request at
lists.llvm.org<mailto:llvm-dev-request at lists.llvm.org>
Subject: Re: [llvm-dev] [RFC] IR-level Region Annotations


On Jan 20, 2017, at 10:44 AM, Tian, Xinmin via llvm-dev <llvm-dev at
lists.llvm.org<mailto:llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org>> wrote:

Sanjoy, the IR would be like something below. It is ok to hoist alloca
instruction outside the region. There are some small changes in optimizer to
understand region-annotation intrinsic.

{ void main() {
i32* val = alloca i32
tok = llvm.experimental.intrinsic_a()[ "DIR.PARALLEL"(),
"QUAL.PRIVATE"(i32* val), "QUAL.NUM_THREADS"(i32 4)]

int i = omp_get_thread_num();
compute_something_into_val(val, i);
a[i] = val;

llvm.experimental.intrinsic_b(tok)["DIR.END.PARALLEL"()];
}

With above representation, we can do privatization and outlining as
below

{ void main() {
i32* val = alloca i32
i32* I = alloca 32
tok = llvm.experimental.intrinsic_a()[ "DIR.PARALLEL"(),
"QUAL.PRIVATE"(i32* %val, i32 %i), "QUAL.NUM_THREADS"(i32
4)]

%ii = omp_get_thread_num();
compute_something_into_val(%val, %i);  a[i] = %val;

llvm.experimental.intrinsic_b(tok)["DIR.END.PARALLEL"()];
}


Here we come to the interesting part: the hoisting of  "i32* I = alloca 32”
above the intrinsics required to update the intrinsics information
“QUAL.PRIVATE”.
This means that the optimizer has to be aware of it, I’m missing the magic here?
I understand that an openmp specific optimization can do it, the question is how
it an openmp agnostic supposed to behave in face of
llvm.experimental.intrinsic_a?

—
Mehdi



1. create i32* priv_val = alloca i32  %priv_i = ...in the region, and replace
all  %val with %prv_val in the region.
2. perform outlining.

Caller code
....
omp_push_num_threads(4)
omp_fork_call( .... outline_par_region....) ....

Callee code:
Outlined_par_rgion {
I32* priv_val = alloca 32
I32* priv_i = ....

Ret
}

For OpenMP, we do support it at -O0, -O1, -O2 and -O3.  We had to make sure it
runs correctly w/ and w/o optimizations and advanced analysis. So we need to
preserve all source information for BE.
You can take a look our LLVM-HPC paper for a bit some details.  There are still
tons of work to be done. Thanks.

Xinmin

-----Original Message-----
From: llvm-dev [mailto:llvm-dev-bounces at lists.llvm.org] On Behalf Of Sanjoy
Das via llvm-dev
Sent: Thursday, January 19, 2017 10:13 PM
To: Adve, Vikram Sadanand <vadve at illinois.edu<mailto:vadve at
illinois.edu>>
Cc: llvm-dev <llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org<mailto:llvm-dev at
lists.llvm.org>>; llvm-dev-request at
lists.llvm.org<mailto:llvm-dev-request at lists.llvm.org>
Subject: Re: [llvm-dev] [RFC] IR-level Region Annotations

Hi Vikram,

On Thu, Jan 19, 2017 at 9:27 PM, Adve, Vikram Sadanand <vadve at
illinois.edu<mailto:vadve at illinois.edu>> wrote:
Hi Sanjoy,

Yes, that's exactly what we have been looking at recently here, but
the region tags seem to make it possible to express the control flow
as well, so I think we could start with reg ions+metadata, as Hal and

I'm not yet convinced that region tags are sufficient to model exotic
control flow.

(I don't know OpenMP so this is a copy-pasted-edited example)

Say we have:

void main() {
#pragma omp parallel num_threads(4)
{
int i = omp_get_thread_num();
int val;
compute_something_into_val(&val, i);
a[i] = val;
}
}

I presume the (eventual) intended lowering is something like this (if the
intended lowering is different than this, and avoids the issue I'm trying to
highlight then my point is moot):

void main() {
tok = llvm.experimental.intrinsic_a();

int i = omp_get_thread_num();
i32* val = alloca i32
compute_something_into_val(val, i);
a[i] = val;

llvm.experimental.intrinsic_b(tok);
}

However, LLVM is free to hoist the alloca to the entry block:

void main() {
i32* val = alloca i32
tok = llvm.experimental.intrinsic_a();

int i = omp_get_thread_num();
compute_something_into_val(val, i);
a[i] = val;

llvm.experimental.intrinsic_b(tok);
}

and now you have a race between the four parallel forks.

The problem here is that nothing in the IR expresses that we have four copies of
the region running "at the same time".  In fact, such a control flow
is alien to LLVM today.

For instance, another evil optimization may turn:

void main() {
int a[4];
#pragma omp parallel num_threads(4)
{
int i = omp_get_thread_num();
int val = compute_something_into_val(i);
a[i] = val;
}

return a[0] + a[1];
}

to

void main() {
int a[4];
#pragma omp parallel num_threads(4)
{
int i = omp_get_thread_num();
int val = compute_something_into_val(i);
a[i] = val;
}

return undef;
}

since a[i] = val could have initialized at most one element in a.

Now you could say that the llvm.experimental.intrinsic_a and
llvm.experimental.intrinsic_b intrinsics are magic, and even such
"obvious" optimizations are not allowed to happen across them; but
then calls to these intrinsics is pretty fundamentally different from
"normal" calls, and are probably best modeled as new instructions.
You're going to have to do the same kind of auditing of passes either way,
and the only extra cost of a new instruction is the extra bitcode reading /
writing code.

I hope I made sense.

-- Sanjoy

Xinmin proposed, and then figure out what needs to be first class
instructions.


--Vikram Adve



On Jan 19, 2017, at 11:03 PM, Sanjoy Das <sanjoy at
playingwithpointers.com<mailto:sanjoy at playingwithpointers.com>>
wrote:

Hi,

My bias is to use both (b) and (d), since they have complementary
strengths.  We should use (b) for expressing concepts that can't be
semantically modeled as a call or invoke (this branch takes both its
successors), and (d) for expressing things that can be (this call may
never return), and annotation like things (this region (denoted by
def-use of a token) is a reduction).

I don't grok OpenMP, but perhaps we can come with one or two
"generalized control flow"-type instructions that can be used to
model the non-call/invoke like semantics we'd like LLVM to know
about, and model the rest with (d)?

-- Sanjoy

On Thu, Jan 19, 2017 at 8:28 PM, Hal Finkel via llvm-dev
<llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org<mailto:llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org>>
wrote:

On 01/19/2017 03:36 PM, Mehdi Amini via llvm-dev wrote:


On Jan 19, 2017, at 1:32 PM, Daniel Berlin <dberlin at
dberlin.org<mailto:dberlin at dberlin.org>> wrote:



On Thu, Jan 19, 2017 at 1:12 PM, Mehdi Amini <mehdi.amini at
apple.com<mailto:mehdi.amini at apple.com>> wrote:


On Jan 19, 2017, at 12:04 PM, Daniel Berlin <dberlin at
dberlin.org<mailto:dberlin at dberlin.org>> wrote:



On Thu, Jan 19, 2017 at 11:46 AM, Mehdi Amini via llvm-dev
<llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org<mailto:llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org>>
wrote:


On Jan 19, 2017, at 11:36 AM, Adve, Vikram Sadanand via llvm-dev
<llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org<mailto:llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org>>
wrote:

Hi Johannes,

I am especially curious where you get your data from. Tapir [0]
(and to some degree PIR [1]) have shown that,
counterintuitively, only a few changes to LLVM passes are
needed. Tapir was recently used in an MIT class with a lot of
students and it seemed to work well with only minimal changes to
analysis and especially transformation passes.

TAPIR is an elegant, small extension and, in particular, I think
the idea of asymmetric parallel tasks and control flow is a
clever way to express parallelism with serial semantics, as in
Cilk.  Encoding the control flow extensions as explicit
instructions is orthogonal to that, though arguably more elegant than using
region tags + metadata.

However, Cilk is a tiny language compared with the full
complexity of other languages, like OpenMP.  To take just one
example, TAPIR cannot express the ORDERED construct of OpenMP.  A
more serious concern, IMO, is that TAPIR (like Cilk) requires
serial semantics, whereas there are many parallel languages, OpenMP included,
that do not obey that restriction.
Third, OpenMP has *numerous* clauses, e.g., REDUCTION or PRIVATE,
that are needed because without that, you’d be dependent on
fundamentally hard compiler analyses to extract the same
information for satisfactory parallel performance; realistic
applications cannot depend on the success of such analyses.

I agree with this, but I’m also wondering if it needs to be first
class in the IR?
For example we know our alias analysis is very basic, and C/C++
have a higher constraint thanks to their type system, but we
didn’t inject this higher level information that helps the
optimizer as first class IR constructs.


FWIW, while i agree with the general point, i wouldn't use this example.
Because we pretty much still suffer to this day because of it (both
in AA, and devirt, and ...)  :) We can't always even tell fields
apart


Is it inherent to the infrastructure, i.e. using metadata instead
of first class IR construct or is it just a “quality of implementation” issue?

Not to derail this conversation:

IMHO, At some point there is no real difference :)

Because otherwise, everything is a QOI issue.

IE if it's super tricky to get metadata that works well and works
right, doesn't get lost, etc, and that's inherent to using metadata,
that to me is not a QOI issue.

So could it be done with metadata? Probably?
But at the same time,  if it had been done with more first class
constructs, it would have happened years ago  and been much lower cost.


This is what I meant by “inherent to the infrastructure”, thanks for
clarifying.


To clarify, we were proposing metadata that is used as arguments to
the region-annotation intrinsics. This metadata has the nice
property that it does not get dropped (so it is just being used as a
way of encoding whatever data structures are necessary without predefining a
syntactic schema).

-Hal


—
Mehdi




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--
Hal Finkel
Lead, Compiler Technology and Programming Languages Leadership
Computing Facility Argonne National Laboratory


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