Linux Virtualization - Jan 2017 - [RFC PATCH] vring: Force use of DMA API for ARM-based systems

On 06/01/17 17:48, Jean-Philippe Brucker wrote:
> Hi Will,
> 
> On 20/12/16 15:14, Will Deacon wrote:
>> Booting Linux on an ARM fastmodel containing an SMMU emulation results
>> in an unexpected I/O page fault from the legacy virtio-blk PCI device:
>>
>> [    1.211721] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu: event 0x10 received:
>> [    1.211800] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:	0x00000000fffff010
>> [    1.211880] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:	0x0000020800000000
>> [    1.211959] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:	0x00000008fa081002
>> [    1.212075] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:	0x0000000000000000
>> [    1.212155] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu: event 0x10 received:
>> [    1.212234] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:	0x00000000fffff010
>> [    1.212314] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:	0x0000020800000000
>> [    1.212394] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:	0x00000008fa081000
>> [    1.212471] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:	0x0000000000000000
>>
>> <system hangs failing to read partition table>
>>
>> This is because the virtio-blk is behind an SMMU, so we have
consequently
>> swizzled its DMA ops and configured the SMMU to translate accesses.
This
>> then requires the vring code to use the DMA API to establish
translations,
>> otherwise all transactions will result in fatal faults and termination.
>>
>> Given that ARM-based systems only see an SMMU if one is really present
>> (the topology is all described by firmware tables such as device-tree
or
>> IORT), then we can safely use the DMA API for all virtio devices.
> 
> There is a problem with the platform block device on that same model.
> Since it's not behind the SMMU, the DMA ops fall back to swiotlb, which
> limits the number of mappings.
> 
> It used to work with 4.9, but since 9491ae4 ("mm: don't cap
request size
> based on read-ahead setting") unlocked read-ahead, we quickly run into
> the limit of swiotlb and panic:
> 
> [    5.382359] virtio-mmio 1c130000.virtio_block: swiotlb buffer is full
> (sz: 491520 bytes)
> [    5.382452] virtio-mmio 1c130000.virtio_block: DMA: Out of SW-IOMMU
> space for 491520 bytes
> [    5.382531] Kernel panic - not syncing: DMA: Random memory could be
> DMA written
> ...
> [    5.383148] [<ffff0000083ad754>] swiotlb_map_page+0x194/0x1a0
> [    5.383226] [<ffff000008096bb8>] __swiotlb_map_page+0x20/0x88
> [    5.383320] [<ffff0000084bf738>] vring_map_one_sg.isra.1+0x70/0x88
> [    5.383417] [<ffff0000084c04fc>] virtqueue_add_sgs+0x2ec/0x4e8
> [    5.383505] [<ffff00000856d99c>] __virtblk_add_req+0x9c/0x1a8
> ...
> [    5.384449] [<ffff0000081829c4>] ondemand_readahead+0xfc/0x2b8
> 
> Commit 9491ae4 caps the read-ahead request to a limit set by the backing
> device. For virtio-blk, it is infinite (as set by the call to
> blk_queue_max_hw_sectors in virtblk_probe).
> 
> I'm not sure how to fix this. Setting an arbitrary sector limit in the
> virtio-blk driver seems unfair to other users. Maybe we should check if
> the device is behind a hardware IOMMU before using the DMA API?
Hmm, this looks more like the virtio_block device simply has the wrong
DMA mask to begin with. For virtio-pci we set the streaming DMA mask to
64 bits - should a platform device not be similarly capable?

Robin.
> 
> Thanks,
> Jean-Philippe
> 
>> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto at kernel.org>
>> Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst at redhat.com>
>> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon at arm.com>
>> ---
>>  drivers/virtio/virtio_ring.c | 4 ++++
>>  1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)
>>
>> diff --git a/drivers/virtio/virtio_ring.c
b/drivers/virtio/virtio_ring.c
>> index ed9c9eeedfe5..06b91e29d1b7 100644
>> --- a/drivers/virtio/virtio_ring.c
>> +++ b/drivers/virtio/virtio_ring.c
>> @@ -159,6 +159,10 @@ static bool vring_use_dma_api(struct virtio_device
*vdev)
>>  	if (xen_domain())
>>  		return true;
>>  
>> +	/* On ARM-based machines, the DMA ops will do the right thing */
>> +	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARM) || IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARM64))
>> +		return true;
>> +
>>  	return false;
>>  }
>>  
>>
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> linux-arm-kernel mailing list
> linux-arm-kernel at lists.infradead.org
> http://lists.infradead.org/mailman/listinfo/linux-arm-kernel
>

On Fri, Jan 6, 2017 at 10:32 AM, Robin Murphy <robin.murphy at arm.com>
wrote:
> On 06/01/17 17:48, Jean-Philippe Brucker wrote:
>> Hi Will,
>>
>> On 20/12/16 15:14, Will Deacon wrote:
>>> Booting Linux on an ARM fastmodel containing an SMMU emulation
results
>>> in an unexpected I/O page fault from the legacy virtio-blk PCI
device:
>>>
>>> [    1.211721] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu: event 0x10 received:
>>> [    1.211800] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:    0x00000000fffff010
>>> [    1.211880] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:    0x0000020800000000
>>> [    1.211959] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:    0x00000008fa081002
>>> [    1.212075] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:    0x0000000000000000
>>> [    1.212155] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu: event 0x10 received:
>>> [    1.212234] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:    0x00000000fffff010
>>> [    1.212314] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:    0x0000020800000000
>>> [    1.212394] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:    0x00000008fa081000
>>> [    1.212471] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:    0x0000000000000000
>>>
>>> <system hangs failing to read partition table>
>>>
>>> This is because the virtio-blk is behind an SMMU, so we have
consequently
>>> swizzled its DMA ops and configured the SMMU to translate accesses.
This
>>> then requires the vring code to use the DMA API to establish
translations,
>>> otherwise all transactions will result in fatal faults and
termination.
>>>
>>> Given that ARM-based systems only see an SMMU if one is really
present
>>> (the topology is all described by firmware tables such as
device-tree or
>>> IORT), then we can safely use the DMA API for all virtio devices.
>>
>> There is a problem with the platform block device on that same model.
>> Since it's not behind the SMMU, the DMA ops fall back to swiotlb,
which
>> limits the number of mappings.
>>
>> It used to work with 4.9, but since 9491ae4 ("mm: don't cap
request size
>> based on read-ahead setting") unlocked read-ahead, we quickly run
into
>> the limit of swiotlb and panic:
>>
>> [    5.382359] virtio-mmio 1c130000.virtio_block: swiotlb buffer is
full
>> (sz: 491520 bytes)
>> [    5.382452] virtio-mmio 1c130000.virtio_block: DMA: Out of SW-IOMMU
>> space for 491520 bytes
>> [    5.382531] Kernel panic - not syncing: DMA: Random memory could be
>> DMA written
>> ...
>> [    5.383148] [<ffff0000083ad754>] swiotlb_map_page+0x194/0x1a0
>> [    5.383226] [<ffff000008096bb8>] __swiotlb_map_page+0x20/0x88
>> [    5.383320] [<ffff0000084bf738>]
vring_map_one_sg.isra.1+0x70/0x88
>> [    5.383417] [<ffff0000084c04fc>] virtqueue_add_sgs+0x2ec/0x4e8
>> [    5.383505] [<ffff00000856d99c>] __virtblk_add_req+0x9c/0x1a8
>> ...
>> [    5.384449] [<ffff0000081829c4>] ondemand_readahead+0xfc/0x2b8
>>
>> Commit 9491ae4 caps the read-ahead request to a limit set by the
backing
>> device. For virtio-blk, it is infinite (as set by the call to
>> blk_queue_max_hw_sectors in virtblk_probe).
>>
>> I'm not sure how to fix this. Setting an arbitrary sector limit in
the
>> virtio-blk driver seems unfair to other users. Maybe we should check if
>> the device is behind a hardware IOMMU before using the DMA API?
>
> Hmm, this looks more like the virtio_block device simply has the wrong
> DMA mask to begin with. For virtio-pci we set the streaming DMA mask to
> 64 bits - should a platform device not be similarly capable?
If it's not, then turning off DMA API will cause random corruption.
ISTM one way or another the bug is in either the DMA ops or in the
driver initialization.

--Andy

On 06/01/17 21:51, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> On Fri, Jan 6, 2017 at 10:32 AM, Robin Murphy <robin.murphy at
arm.com> wrote:
>> On 06/01/17 17:48, Jean-Philippe Brucker wrote:
>>> Hi Will,
>>>
>>> On 20/12/16 15:14, Will Deacon wrote:
>>>> Booting Linux on an ARM fastmodel containing an SMMU emulation
results
>>>> in an unexpected I/O page fault from the legacy virtio-blk PCI
device:
>>>>
>>>> [    1.211721] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu: event 0x10 received:
>>>> [    1.211800] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:    0x00000000fffff010
>>>> [    1.211880] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:    0x0000020800000000
>>>> [    1.211959] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:    0x00000008fa081002
>>>> [    1.212075] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:    0x0000000000000000
>>>> [    1.212155] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu: event 0x10 received:
>>>> [    1.212234] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:    0x00000000fffff010
>>>> [    1.212314] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:    0x0000020800000000
>>>> [    1.212394] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:    0x00000008fa081000
>>>> [    1.212471] arm-smmu-v3 2b400000.smmu:    0x0000000000000000
>>>>
>>>> <system hangs failing to read partition table>
>>>>
>>>> This is because the virtio-blk is behind an SMMU, so we have
consequently
>>>> swizzled its DMA ops and configured the SMMU to translate
accesses. This
>>>> then requires the vring code to use the DMA API to establish
translations,
>>>> otherwise all transactions will result in fatal faults and
termination.
>>>>
>>>> Given that ARM-based systems only see an SMMU if one is really
present
>>>> (the topology is all described by firmware tables such as
device-tree or
>>>> IORT), then we can safely use the DMA API for all virtio
devices.
>>>
>>> There is a problem with the platform block device on that same
model.
>>> Since it's not behind the SMMU, the DMA ops fall back to
swiotlb, which
>>> limits the number of mappings.
>>>
>>> It used to work with 4.9, but since 9491ae4 ("mm: don't
cap request size
>>> based on read-ahead setting") unlocked read-ahead, we quickly
run into
>>> the limit of swiotlb and panic:
>>>
>>> [    5.382359] virtio-mmio 1c130000.virtio_block: swiotlb buffer is
full
>>> (sz: 491520 bytes)
>>> [    5.382452] virtio-mmio 1c130000.virtio_block: DMA: Out of
SW-IOMMU
>>> space for 491520 bytes
>>> [    5.382531] Kernel panic - not syncing: DMA: Random memory could
be
>>> DMA written
>>> ...
>>> [    5.383148] [<ffff0000083ad754>]
swiotlb_map_page+0x194/0x1a0
>>> [    5.383226] [<ffff000008096bb8>]
__swiotlb_map_page+0x20/0x88
>>> [    5.383320] [<ffff0000084bf738>]
vring_map_one_sg.isra.1+0x70/0x88
>>> [    5.383417] [<ffff0000084c04fc>]
virtqueue_add_sgs+0x2ec/0x4e8
>>> [    5.383505] [<ffff00000856d99c>]
__virtblk_add_req+0x9c/0x1a8
>>> ...
>>> [    5.384449] [<ffff0000081829c4>]
ondemand_readahead+0xfc/0x2b8
>>>
>>> Commit 9491ae4 caps the read-ahead request to a limit set by the
backing
>>> device. For virtio-blk, it is infinite (as set by the call to
>>> blk_queue_max_hw_sectors in virtblk_probe).
>>>
>>> I'm not sure how to fix this. Setting an arbitrary sector limit
in the
>>> virtio-blk driver seems unfair to other users. Maybe we should
check if
>>> the device is behind a hardware IOMMU before using the DMA API?
>>
>> Hmm, this looks more like the virtio_block device simply has the wrong
>> DMA mask to begin with. For virtio-pci we set the streaming DMA mask to
>> 64 bits - should a platform device not be similarly capable?
> 
> If it's not, then turning off DMA API will cause random corruption.
> ISTM one way or another the bug is in either the DMA ops or in the
> driver initialization.
OK, having looked a little deeper, I reckon virtio_mmio_probe() is
indeed missing a dma_set_mask() call compared to its PCI friends. The
only question then is where does virtio-mmio stand with respect to
legacy/modern/44-bit/64-bit etc.?

Robin.
> 
> --Andy
>